Analysis of Political, Economic, Legal and Technological Risks in Indonesia

Analysis of Political, Economic, Legal and Technological Risks in Indonesia By Yohanes Randy Anggoro Student ID: 1004536 Instructor: Mr. Bala Subramaniam N. Module Name: International Trade and Management Module Code: ERCBA-209 Word Counts: 2106 Due Date: 7 November 2012 Content Page Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Brief Introduction to Indonesia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Political Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Economic Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Legal Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Technological Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Reference List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Introduction Doing or expanding business in Asia nowadays has become a popular trend from companies around the world, many big firms based on Europe and United States of America recently has opened a branch in Asia in order to reach the Asia Market.The main attraction of Asia is the number of population, with approximately 4 million people spread around 5 regions, consist of Northern Asia, Western Asia, South Central Asia, South East Asia, and East Asia (OneWorldNationsOnline, 2012), it is apparent that Asia has become a large growing market that attracts companies around the world. Moreover, other than the large growing market potential it offers, there are other benefits that a firm can get by expanding business in Asia.First of all the labor cost in some less developed Asia Countries, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, is relatively lower than labor cost in Western Countries, for example, England and United States of America. Secondly, the land cost in Asia, Indonesia in particular is relatively much cheaper than in Western countries. However, despite the benefits that have been mentioned above, there are some risks that need to be known by a firm before deciding to expand business to Asia, Indonesia in particular.The risks itself can be divided by four which are, political risk, economic risk, legal risk, and technological risk. Below, there is an explanation and examination about four of the risks that may arise while expanding business in Indonesia. Brief Introduction to Indonesia Indonesia is a country in South East Asia which consists of approximately 17. 508 islands. The official name of Indonesia is Rep ublic of Indonesia. There are 5 main islands in Indonesia which are Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan or Borneo, Sulawesi and Papua.Geographically, Indonesia is placed between Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia and is placed in Java Island. The Legal Currency in Indonesia is Indonesia Rupiah. In term of people, Indonesia has approximately 240 million of people with various ethnicities and is the fourth most populated country in the world. The current president of Indonesia is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Political Risk According to Deresky (2008) Political Risk is government actions or politically motivated events that can affect a firm in the long terms.Furthermore, Kobrin (1979) states that political risk covers possibility of unwanted consequences created by governmental activity that affect international business. Nationalization, Expropriation and Confiscation, Terrorism, and Macro political and Micro political risk are the example of commonly known political risk events. Nationalization is a governmental action to take over a private asset to be owned and operated by the government. Next is Expropriation, Expropriation is a term to define a process of taking away a private property for a public use.The difference between Expropriation and Nationalization may seem a bit vague, but the intentions for both terms are different. Nationalization is a process to take over a private asset by a government in order to make profits. For example is the nationalization of Netherland Enterprises by Indonesia Government after the independence war. On the contrary, Expropriation only takes private property to be used for public, for example, a government takes over a land of a private house to be used for highway because the public needs a highway to support the transportation around that area.The third is Terrorism, Terrorism as defined by Ruby (2002) and Title 22 of US Code is politically motivated action committed in a violent manne r against common people. And the last is Macro political and Micro political risk, Macro political risk is any governmental action that affects all the multinational companies within the country while micro political risk is the governmental actions which only affects some of multinational companies.Moreover, it is important for a firm to know and manage prevention of any political risk that they may encounter while expanding their business, without doing that matters a company may end up having no profits or even loss their assets while going global. In Indonesia, particular political risk events that a firm likely to encounter when expanding their business are expropriation and terrorism. It is because Indonesia is often considered Less Developed Countries. Moreover, based on Marshall, A. and Magnowski, D. 2010) multinational companies need to give attention on Political issues in Asia such as current tension between China and United States over the value of China currency, the de velopment of crisis which is rising in North Korea, and the border issue between Indonesia and Malaysia. Those issues have possibility to affect Political situation in Indonesia. In order to measure the political risk in a country, there are some methods that can be done by multinational companies. The first method is computer modeling; this method is used by American Can’s Primary Risk Investment Screening Matrix.Using this method a company can predict and simulate the political risk that might happen in expansion target country. The Second method is Ranking Systems, with this method; a company can consult with some political risks expert such as AON, who use analysis tools and experience to help minimizing the political risk. The last method is Early Warning Systems, this method emphasizes on watching early signs of political dangers, such as demonstration, act of violence by the citizen, the atmosphere of political situation to predict the possible political risk in the fu ture.Basically, a multinational company can use four actions to manage the political risk. The first possible action is withdrawing their investment on a country which is likely to have a bad political event. The other way is by sharing their equity with local business. Thirdly, a multinational company can keep the subsidiary and host nation be more dependent on the parent firm by controlling input, market, position and staged contribution. Lastly, a company can use the political risk insurance to ensure their safety from political risk.Additionally, Bribery is often practiced in Indonesia Political Environment which in some way makes the Political Situation in Indonesia become unstable. Economic Risk Economic risk refers to the risk from economy sector that may affect multinational companies to gain profit. Economic risk is vary in different countries, however it can be concluded that Economic risk in Less Developed Countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, tend to be higher than in Fully Developed Countries, Britain and United States of America for example.Some common examples for economic risk are the changes in inflation and devaluation of the currency value, foreign investment policies, monetary and fiscal policies. According to A. M Best report the Economic risk in Indonesia is considered moderate due to four factors. Indonesia is ranked as the fourth country with most population in the world, having approximately 240 million people and placed bellow China, India, and United States of America. With that amount of people Indonesia has the opportunity to create a big market for multinational companies.It is also stated that Indonesia’s Economy is considered well balanced in terms of manufacture, service and agriculture. Despite those three terms, Indonesia also has considerable amount of resources such as wood, nickel, gas, oil, textile, and garment in export sector. Nevertheless, Indonesia also has a close trading partnership with Developed C ountries in Asia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, as well as Developed Country in America, United States of America. Moreover, Indonesia is expected to have economic growth for about 6% in 2012, and 5,9% in 2013 due to healthy domestic investment and consume.The last factor is Indonesia sovereign credit ranking was upgraded to one level below investment grade in 2011. Furthermore, although there are some factors above, Economic Risk in Indonesia is still risky. There are 2 major economic risks that threatening Indonesia’s economy. The first one is the effect of global inflation nowadays. It is worrisome to some extent that the global inflation will badly affect Indonesia economy in the long terms. As a less developed country with highly dependence on export sector, Indonesia is highly vulnerable to be badly affected by the global inflation.Second major risk is the after effect of the global inflation in the future, as the developed countries begin to recover from the global in flation, Indonesia is expected to find difficulties to recover as fast as those developed countries. Additionally, there are four ways that can be done by multinational company to assess economic risk in target country. Multinational company can measure the economic risk by analyzing the country ability to handle its debt. This kind of measurement is often called Quantitative method.Other way is called Qualitative method; this method refers to sending a group of their experts to make a research about one particular country leader and their possible policies in the future. Checklist method is also can be done to asses an economic risk in a country; this method is done using the past events to measure the possibility of economic risks in the future. Nonetheless, a multinational company can use a combination of Qualitative, Quantitative as well as Checklist methods to measure the economic risk.Legal Risk Legal Risk has the same meaning with Regulatory Risk, for Multinational Companies, it refers to potential of losing assets due to some legal or regulatory issues. Legal Risk or Regulatory Risk is often related to the Legal Environment. Legal Environment is the laws that are created and operated by the government to control the business operation. Generally, Legal Environment consists of local laws and legal systems. Local laws usually are varies in different countries, while Legal System is often similar.There are three types of legal systems that are stated by Deresky, H. (2008). It consists of Common Law, Civil Law and Islamic Law. Common Law refers to Old English Law, this kind of law uses the previous cases to determine the punishment for the current cases. In terms of Contract Law for business purposes, Common Law emphasizes on writing the details on the contract to be used as a guide and proof in case of disagreement in the future. The other law is Civil Law. Civil Law is a law that is originated from Roman law and often used in modern western countries.Civ il Law emphasizes the defendant to prove their innocent. In term of Contract Law, Common Law affirms that promises can be enforced without the need to specify the details in the contract. The last type of legal system is Islamic Law, Islamic Law is a law based on Islam Religion, and this kind of law is often used in Islamic Country. Moreover, Indonesia has its own law. Indonesia Law is originally created based on Civil Law and some customization from the Dutch who used to rule Indonesia in the past.Aside from the Legal Environment, there are some other regulatory issues such as, protectionist policies, tax systems and the level of government involvement in the economic and regulatory environment. Indonesia protectionist policies such as tariffs and quotas are vary, and often changed by the government which indicates that government involvement in the regulatory and economic sector is considerably high. Nonetheless, Indonesia charges 25% of the income to be paid for the tax, accordin g to taxrates. cc.This percentage is considered high, compared to Singapore, Indonesia’s neighbor country which taxes foreign corporate for only 17% of the income. Technological Risk Technological Risk is a term that refers to the potential risk to lose assets due to technological sector. Two major issues in technological risk are to protect its own technology to not be copied by its competitors and to provide the capable operator and capable environment to use the technology. Technological risk may be a concern for multinational company in Indonesia; they may find difficulties to find highly skilled employees there.However, labor cost in Indonesia is relatively cheaper compared to labor costs in western countries. Furthermore, it is possible to create a trademark or a copyright for Indonesia. Nevertheless, it must be noticed that there are many counterfeit products in Indonesia, and it seems that Indonesia Government has lack of motivation to capture and punish the producer and the seller of those products as well. Conclusion In the conclusion, Indonesia has offered a great opportunity for Multinational Company to expand their business there.With the constant growing market, cheap cost of labor, and the raw resources, in my opinion, it is promising for multinational company to expand their business to Indonesia. However, the potential risks in Indonesia, especially in Political and Economic sectors must be considered carefully. Nevertheless, if a multinational company manages to overcome the four risks, which are political risk, economic risk, legal risk, technological risk in Indonesia, it is obvious that particular company can gain a lot of profits from Indonesia.Reference List A. M. Best Company, Inc. (2012). AMB Country Risk Report (n. d. ). Available at : www3. ambest. com/ratings/cr/reports/Indonesia. pdf (Accessed on 1 November 2012) Deresky, H (2008), International Management – Managing Across Borders & Cultures, 6th ed, Pearson Internat ional Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. Kobrin, S. (1979). Political risk: A review and reconsideration. Journal of International Business Studies, 10(1), 67-80. Marshall, A. & Magnowski, D. (2010). Key Political Risks to watch in Asia in 2011. Reuters. online] Available at : http://in. reuters. com/article/2010/12/21/idINIndia-53707220101221 (Accessed on 31 October 2012) One World Nation Online, 2012. World Population by Continents. [online] Available at : http://www. nationsonline. org/oneworld/world_population. htm (Accessed on 31 October 2012) Ruby, C. L. (2002). The definition of terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2(1), 9-14. TaxRates. cc (2012). Indonesia Tax Rate. [online] Available at : http://www. taxrates. cc/html/indonesia-tax-rates. html (Accessed on 1 November Analysis of Political, Economic, Legal and Technological Risks in Indonesia Analysis of Political, Economic, Legal and Technological Risks in Indonesia By Yohanes Randy Anggoro Student ID: 1004536 Instructor: Mr. Bala Subramaniam N. Module Name: International Trade and Management Module Code: ERCBA-209 Word Counts: 2106 Due Date: 7 November 2012 Content Page Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Brief Introduction to Indonesia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Political Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Economic Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Legal Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Technological Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Reference List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Introduction Doing or expanding business in Asia nowadays has become a popular trend from companies around the world, many big firms based on Europe and United States of America recently has opened a branch in Asia in order to reach the Asia Market.The main attraction of Asia is the number of population, with approximately 4 million people spread around 5 regions, consist of Northern Asia, Western Asia, South Central Asia, South East Asia, and East Asia (OneWorldNationsOnline, 2012), it is apparent that Asia has become a large growing market that attracts companies around the world. Moreover, other than the large growing market potential it offers, there are other benefits that a firm can get by expanding business in Asia.First of all the labor cost in some less developed Asia Countries, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, is relatively lower than labor cost in Western Countries, for example, England and United States of America. Secondly, the land cost in Asia, Indonesia in particular is relatively much cheaper than in Western countries. However, despite the benefits that have been mentioned above, there are some risks that need to be known by a firm before deciding to expand business to Asia, Indonesia in particular.The risks itself can be divided by four which are, political risk, economic risk, legal risk, and technological risk. Below, there is an explanation and examination about four of the risks that may arise while expanding business in Indonesia. Brief Introduction to Indonesia Indonesia is a country in South East Asia which consists of approximately 17. 508 islands. The official name of Indonesia is Rep ublic of Indonesia. There are 5 main islands in Indonesia which are Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan or Borneo, Sulawesi and Papua.Geographically, Indonesia is placed between Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia and is placed in Java Island. The Legal Currency in Indonesia is Indonesia Rupiah. In term of people, Indonesia has approximately 240 million of people with various ethnicities and is the fourth most populated country in the world. The current president of Indonesia is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Political Risk According to Deresky (2008) Political Risk is government actions or politically motivated events that can affect a firm in the long terms.Furthermore, Kobrin (1979) states that political risk covers possibility of unwanted consequences created by governmental activity that affect international business. Nationalization, Expropriation and Confiscation, Terrorism, and Macro political and Micro political risk are the example of commonly known political risk events. Nationalization is a governmental action to take over a private asset to be owned and operated by the government. Next is Expropriation, Expropriation is a term to define a process of taking away a private property for a public use.The difference between Expropriation and Nationalization may seem a bit vague, but the intentions for both terms are different. Nationalization is a process to take over a private asset by a government in order to make profits. For example is the nationalization of Netherland Enterprises by Indonesia Government after the independence war. On the contrary, Expropriation only takes private property to be used for public, for example, a government takes over a land of a private house to be used for highway because the public needs a highway to support the transportation around that area.The third is Terrorism, Terrorism as defined by Ruby (2002) and Title 22 of US Code is politically motivated action committed in a violent manne r against common people. And the last is Macro political and Micro political risk, Macro political risk is any governmental action that affects all the multinational companies within the country while micro political risk is the governmental actions which only affects some of multinational companies.Moreover, it is important for a firm to know and manage prevention of any political risk that they may encounter while expanding their business, without doing that matters a company may end up having no profits or even loss their assets while going global. In Indonesia, particular political risk events that a firm likely to encounter when expanding their business are expropriation and terrorism. It is because Indonesia is often considered Less Developed Countries. Moreover, based on Marshall, A. and Magnowski, D. 2010) multinational companies need to give attention on Political issues in Asia such as current tension between China and United States over the value of China currency, the de velopment of crisis which is rising in North Korea, and the border issue between Indonesia and Malaysia. Those issues have possibility to affect Political situation in Indonesia. In order to measure the political risk in a country, there are some methods that can be done by multinational companies. The first method is computer modeling; this method is used by American Can’s Primary Risk Investment Screening Matrix.Using this method a company can predict and simulate the political risk that might happen in expansion target country. The Second method is Ranking Systems, with this method; a company can consult with some political risks expert such as AON, who use analysis tools and experience to help minimizing the political risk. The last method is Early Warning Systems, this method emphasizes on watching early signs of political dangers, such as demonstration, act of violence by the citizen, the atmosphere of political situation to predict the possible political risk in the fu ture.Basically, a multinational company can use four actions to manage the political risk. The first possible action is withdrawing their investment on a country which is likely to have a bad political event. The other way is by sharing their equity with local business. Thirdly, a multinational company can keep the subsidiary and host nation be more dependent on the parent firm by controlling input, market, position and staged contribution. Lastly, a company can use the political risk insurance to ensure their safety from political risk.Additionally, Bribery is often practiced in Indonesia Political Environment which in some way makes the Political Situation in Indonesia become unstable. Economic Risk Economic risk refers to the risk from economy sector that may affect multinational companies to gain profit. Economic risk is vary in different countries, however it can be concluded that Economic risk in Less Developed Countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, tend to be higher than in Fully Developed Countries, Britain and United States of America for example.Some common examples for economic risk are the changes in inflation and devaluation of the currency value, foreign investment policies, monetary and fiscal policies. According to A. M Best report the Economic risk in Indonesia is considered moderate due to four factors. Indonesia is ranked as the fourth country with most population in the world, having approximately 240 million people and placed bellow China, India, and United States of America. With that amount of people Indonesia has the opportunity to create a big market for multinational companies.It is also stated that Indonesia’s Economy is considered well balanced in terms of manufacture, service and agriculture. Despite those three terms, Indonesia also has considerable amount of resources such as wood, nickel, gas, oil, textile, and garment in export sector. Nevertheless, Indonesia also has a close trading partnership with Developed C ountries in Asia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, as well as Developed Country in America, United States of America. Moreover, Indonesia is expected to have economic growth for about 6% in 2012, and 5,9% in 2013 due to healthy domestic investment and consume.The last factor is Indonesia sovereign credit ranking was upgraded to one level below investment grade in 2011. Furthermore, although there are some factors above, Economic Risk in Indonesia is still risky. There are 2 major economic risks that threatening Indonesia’s economy. The first one is the effect of global inflation nowadays. It is worrisome to some extent that the global inflation will badly affect Indonesia economy in the long terms. As a less developed country with highly dependence on export sector, Indonesia is highly vulnerable to be badly affected by the global inflation.Second major risk is the after effect of the global inflation in the future, as the developed countries begin to recover from the global in flation, Indonesia is expected to find difficulties to recover as fast as those developed countries. Additionally, there are four ways that can be done by multinational company to assess economic risk in target country. Multinational company can measure the economic risk by analyzing the country ability to handle its debt. This kind of measurement is often called Quantitative method.Other way is called Qualitative method; this method refers to sending a group of their experts to make a research about one particular country leader and their possible policies in the future. Checklist method is also can be done to asses an economic risk in a country; this method is done using the past events to measure the possibility of economic risks in the future. Nonetheless, a multinational company can use a combination of Qualitative, Quantitative as well as Checklist methods to measure the economic risk.Legal Risk Legal Risk has the same meaning with Regulatory Risk, for Multinational Companies, it refers to potential of losing assets due to some legal or regulatory issues. Legal Risk or Regulatory Risk is often related to the Legal Environment. Legal Environment is the laws that are created and operated by the government to control the business operation. Generally, Legal Environment consists of local laws and legal systems. Local laws usually are varies in different countries, while Legal System is often similar.There are three types of legal systems that are stated by Deresky, H. (2008). It consists of Common Law, Civil Law and Islamic Law. Common Law refers to Old English Law, this kind of law uses the previous cases to determine the punishment for the current cases. In terms of Contract Law for business purposes, Common Law emphasizes on writing the details on the contract to be used as a guide and proof in case of disagreement in the future. The other law is Civil Law. Civil Law is a law that is originated from Roman law and often used in modern western countries.Civ il Law emphasizes the defendant to prove their innocent. In term of Contract Law, Common Law affirms that promises can be enforced without the need to specify the details in the contract. The last type of legal system is Islamic Law, Islamic Law is a law based on Islam Religion, and this kind of law is often used in Islamic Country. Moreover, Indonesia has its own law. Indonesia Law is originally created based on Civil Law and some customization from the Dutch who used to rule Indonesia in the past.Aside from the Legal Environment, there are some other regulatory issues such as, protectionist policies, tax systems and the level of government involvement in the economic and regulatory environment. Indonesia protectionist policies such as tariffs and quotas are vary, and often changed by the government which indicates that government involvement in the regulatory and economic sector is considerably high. Nonetheless, Indonesia charges 25% of the income to be paid for the tax, accordin g to taxrates. cc.This percentage is considered high, compared to Singapore, Indonesia’s neighbor country which taxes foreign corporate for only 17% of the income. Technological Risk Technological Risk is a term that refers to the potential risk to lose assets due to technological sector. Two major issues in technological risk are to protect its own technology to not be copied by its competitors and to provide the capable operator and capable environment to use the technology. Technological risk may be a concern for multinational company in Indonesia; they may find difficulties to find highly skilled employees there.However, labor cost in Indonesia is relatively cheaper compared to labor costs in western countries. Furthermore, it is possible to create a trademark or a copyright for Indonesia. Nevertheless, it must be noticed that there are many counterfeit products in Indonesia, and it seems that Indonesia Government has lack of motivation to capture and punish the producer and the seller of those products as well. Conclusion In the conclusion, Indonesia has offered a great opportunity for Multinational Company to expand their business there.With the constant growing market, cheap cost of labor, and the raw resources, in my opinion, it is promising for multinational company to expand their business to Indonesia. However, the potential risks in Indonesia, especially in Political and Economic sectors must be considered carefully. Nevertheless, if a multinational company manages to overcome the four risks, which are political risk, economic risk, legal risk, technological risk in Indonesia, it is obvious that particular company can gain a lot of profits from Indonesia.Reference List A. M. Best Company, Inc. (2012). AMB Country Risk Report (n. d. ). Available at : www3. ambest. com/ratings/cr/reports/Indonesia. pdf (Accessed on 1 November 2012) Deresky, H (2008), International Management – Managing Across Borders & Cultures, 6th ed, Pearson Internat ional Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. Kobrin, S. (1979). Political risk: A review and reconsideration. Journal of International Business Studies, 10(1), 67-80. Marshall, A. & Magnowski, D. (2010). Key Political Risks to watch in Asia in 2011. Reuters. online] Available at : http://in. reuters. com/article/2010/12/21/idINIndia-53707220101221 (Accessed on 31 October 2012) One World Nation Online, 2012. World Population by Continents. [online] Available at : http://www. nationsonline. org/oneworld/world_population. htm (Accessed on 31 October 2012) Ruby, C. L. (2002). The definition of terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2(1), 9-14. TaxRates. cc (2012). Indonesia Tax Rate. [online] Available at : http://www. taxrates. cc/html/indonesia-tax-rates. html (Accessed on 1 November

Soccer Symbol

Anas Salem Professor Michele Jelley 9/21/10 English Comp 101 Hidden Effects of Soccer Eduardo Galeano reflects upon one of, if not the most popular sport in â€Å"Soccer Is Everything. † He calls soccer â€Å"a powerful symbol, a great mystery. † The message that Galeano is trying to convey is that soccer is not just a sport anymore, it is much more than that. The reason is that soccer has affected individuals, groups, countries, cultures, and religion by unification because of its popularity and the diversity of its fans. First, Galeano says that soccer can affect individuals and groups.He explains how many who felt they have no place in the world found shelter through playing soccer, this happening at a time where suicide among the youth was at its highest rate in the world. Second, today it is obvious to see and notice how soccer affects countries. It does not matter how powerful or weak a country may be, Galeano says that when it comes to soccer, the rarest of event s does happen, for example an Arab team to become the Israeli champion, or a country in war, Iraq, to make it to the semi finals.Thirdly, soccer has affected culture and religion. Galeano says soccer re-established bonds of solidarity broken by the culture of alienation dominant in today’s world. Also, while some saw women’s team as a source of pride for their country, it had an effect on people practicing the religion Islam, because Muslim men were against the idea of women playing soccer. Many did not allow or want it because the outfits the women wore revealed parts of the body that as a Muslim woman should be covered.And some Muslim men just accepted it to save their families from poverty. In conclusion, the message that Galeano is trying to convey when he calls soccer â€Å"a powerful, a great mystery,† is that soccer, which was just a sport, now has and continues to unify, shelter, surprise, and affect a majority of the population. Who would of thought a p hysical sport, can affect your life in ways you couldn’t imagine and become such a powerful symbol.

Top Glove - 2446 Words

Introduction Top glove is the largest rubber glove manufacturer in Malaysia. Its inception in Malaysia was at 1991 and it has the history of 19 years. Top glove produce many types gloves, apron, and some rubber product (Top Glove, 2010) (Appendix A). In January 2010, production of natural rubber rose 12.3 % compared to December 2009. It increased of 48.4 % in yearly basis which about 35,524 tons of natural rubbers. In imports, natural rubber was 73,216 tons and decrease 10.8 %. The main import countries were Thailand (71.3%), Philippines (6.5%), Myanmar (4.2%), Viet Nam (3.4%) and Indonesia (3.3%). However, it increase 68.4% in import when compare with year 2010 and 2009. In export, the natural rubber shrinking 1.2% compared to December†¦show more content†¦German government actively encourages foreign investment in their country and German Law provides foreign investors national treatment. Under German law, foreign companies are treated equally with their owned companies and they are treated indifferently. There isn’t any nationality requirement on director and stakeholders for a company. Secure Investment Framework Germany provide secure investment framework for all the investors. Highly developed economic and political frameworks provide the necessary security for the business investment. The security for business investment is very important for investors before they decide to invest in a country. Secure investment framework provide investors a secure environment for them. If investors felt unsecure with the country’s framework, they might refuse to invest in the country. A modern state, Germany provides high protection in the business investment. Other parties will not able to know the policy, idea and the strategy of the firms. This secure investment framework will also perform highly security and stable position to protect the important document, files of the firm, those important information and top secret of the firm will be protected. This prevents the leak of important information to the competitors. This is the reason why highly secure investment framework is very important to every investor. Unsecure investment framework willShow MoreRelatedSwot for Top Glove935 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter strategy in pursuit of its mission. Strength Top Glove Corporation has a largest market share in glove industry. This company produces a high quality gloves. Besides that, Top Glove Corporation is a global presence company which they export their product to more than 180 countries worldwide. Top Glove Corporation has established the Top Glove Foundation to empower, employees based on merit, the needy and the less fortunate. Top Glove Foundation provides their funding for charitable purposesRead MoreTop Glove Company Background8559 Words   |  35 PagesCompany Background. History Established in 1991 with only one factory and three production lines, Top Glove has since grown by leaps and bounds to become the worlds largest rubber glove manufacturer. Top Glove places customer satisfaction at the very heart of its business; hence has put a great deal of emphasis on research and development to ensure continual improvement in its product quality and production efficiency. In order to stay ahead of the curve in product development, it collaboratesRead MoreTop Glove1216 Words   |  5 PagesORGANIZING INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZING 1. Organizing is a pattern of relationship whereby managers and employees attempt to achieve the same goals. These goals are the result of the decision-making process performed by managers at the early stages of planning. 2. The five basic function of management in an organization are planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and staffing. Therefore, after each plan is made, managers must arrange or organize all the planned activities in order to successfullyRead MoreEmbodiment in the Robotic Fields668 Words   |  3 Pagesin Figure. 2. Information from the robots range sensors and gripper limit switch is delivered to the operator’s skin via TENS electrodes which fitted to a data glove shown in Figure. 2. This application enables the operator to feel the presence of obstacles in the near surrounding of the robot via electro-tactile feedback. The data glove also has a tracking system and finger bend sensors which enables this device to convert hand gestures into control commands to the robot. This control-feedback systemRead MoreEvaluation And Selection Of Effective Engineering And Work Practice Controls Essay711 Words   |  3 Pageswork practice controls will be used to prevent or minim ize exposure to bloodborne pathogens. The specific engineering controls and work practice controls used are listed below: 6.2.6.1 Washing hands immediately or as soon as feasible after removal of gloves or other personal protective equipment; 6.2.6.2 Washing hands and any other skin with soap and water, or flushing mucous membranes with water immediately or as soon as feasible following contact of such body areas with blood or other potentially infectiousRead MoreBligger in Their Midst1124 Words   |  5 PagesBlogger In Their Midst Executive Summary: Lancaster-Webb’s manufactures disposable gloves and other medical products. At a recent trade conference Will Somerset, CEO of Lancaster-Webb found out that their surgical gloves are flying off the shelves, thanks to the online endorsements of an otherwise indiscrete known as Glove Girl. Her blogging has revealed sensitive and sometimes erroneous information about Lancaster-Webb and its clients. This is due to the fact that there are no policiesRead MoreMagid Glove And Safety Case Analysis Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesMagid Glove and Safety Magid Glove and Safety is a manufacturing and distribution company that operates in Romeoville, IL. They manufacture safety equipment to include work gloves, safety clothing, respirators, eye ware, hearing protection, and much more. Magid Glove and Safety also distributes different types of safety equipment from other maufacturers. This particular company is proud of the fact that they are â€Å"family owned, financially strong, and an independent company† (A Rich History ofRead MoreProsthetic 3D Printers876 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the solutions that Pro-sthetic Printers developed is a glove functioning as a prosthetic hand with a rechargeable source located in a â€Å"watch† compartment. There will be a number pad on the top of the hand, used to control the motions of the fingers. Each joint will have a number assigned to it, as seen in Figures 1 and 2. The numbers can be pressed in specific sequences to trigger specific types of motion along the joints and grips. The grip can then be released by pressing a cancel buttonRead MoreA Manual For Uf Health Family Medicine Nurse Assistants1363 Words   |  6 Pagesshivering. A normal body temperature is 98.7 °F or 37 °C. There are a few different ways to take the temperature of a patient. The most common, and the one we will explain, is oral temperature. Materials: Oral Thermometer, plastic caps, a pair of gloves 1. Put on gloves before proceeding with any steps. 2. Take oral thermometer and turn it on by pressing the ON/OFF button. 3. Explain to your patient that you need to take their temperature to make sure they are not running a fever. 4. Once the thermometerRead MoreAssignment: Male and Probability1401 Words   |  6 Pagesof the individual independent? Explain. | | | Q5 | Arthur Andersen Enterprise Group/National Small Business United,Washington, conducted a national survey of small-business owners to determine the challenges for growth for their businesses. The top challenge, selected by 46% of the smallbusiness owners, was the economy. A close second was finding qualified workers (37%). Suppose 15% of the small-business owners selected both the economy and finding qualified workers as challenges for growth. A

Life in the Tundra The Coldest Biome on Earth

The tundra biome is the coldest and one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. It covers about one-fifth of the land on the planet, primarily in the Arctic circle but also in Antarctica as well as a few mountainous regions. To apprehend the conditions of a tundra, you need only look at the origins of its name. The word tundra comes from the Finnish word  tunturia, which means treeless plain. The extremely cold temperatures of the tundra, combined with the lack of precipitation makes for a rather barren landscape. But there are a number of plants and animals that still call this unforgiving ecosystem their home. There are three types of tundra biomes: Arctic tundra, Antarctic tundra, and Alpine tundra. Heres a closer look at each of these ecosystems and the plants and animals that live there. Arctic Tundra The Arctic tundra is found in the far north of the Northern Hemisphere. It circles the North Pole and extends as far south as the northern taiga belt (the beginning of the coniferous forests.) This area is known for its cold and dry conditions.   The average winter  temperature in the Arctic is -34 ° C (-30 ° F), while the average summer temperature is 3-12 ° C (37-54 ° F.) During the summer, the temperatures get just high enough to sustain some plant growth. The growing season usually lasts around 50-60 days. But the annual precipitation of 6-10 inches limits that growth to only the hardiest of plants. The Arctic tundra is characterized by its layer of permafrost or permanently frozen subsoil that contains mostly gravel and nutrient-poor soil. This prevents plants with deep root systems from taking hold. But in the upper layers of soil, around 1,700 types of plants find a way to flourish. The Arctic tundra contains a number of low shrubs and sedges as well as reindeer mosses, liverworts, grasses, lichens, and around 400 types of flowers. There are also a number of animals that call the Arctic tundra home. These include arctic foxes,  lemmings, voles, wolves, caribou, arctic hares, polar bears, squirrels, loons, ravens, salmon, trout, and cod. These animals are adapted to live in the cold, harsh conditions of the tundra, but most hibernate or migrate to survive the brutal Arctic tundra winters. Few if any reptiles and amphibians live in the tundra due to the extremely cold conditions. Antarctic Tundra The Antarctic tundra is often lumped together with the Arctic tundra as conditions are similar. But, as its name suggests, the Antarctic tundra is located in the Southern Hemisphere around the South Pole  and on several Antarctic and subantarctic islands, including South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.   Like the Arctic tundra, the Antarctic tundra is home to a number of lichens, grasses, liverworts, and mosses. But unlike the Arctic tundra, the Antarctic tundra does not have a thriving population of animal species. This is mostly due to the physical isolation of the area. Animals that do make their home in the Antarctic tundra include seals, penguins, rabbits, and albatross.   Alpine Tundra The primary difference between Alpine tundra and the Arctic and Antarctic tundra biomes is its lack of permafrost. Alpine tundra is still a treeless plain, but without the permafrost, this biome has better draining soils that support a wider variety of plant life.   Alpine tundra ecosystems are located on various mountain regions throughout the world at elevations above the tree line. While still very cold, the growing season of the Alpine tundra is around 180 days. Plants that thrive in these conditions include dwarf shrubs, grasses, small-leafed shrubs, and heaths.   Animals that live in the Alpine tundra include  pikas, marmots, mountain goats, sheep, elk, and grouse.

Conflict Theory Vs. Structural Functionalism - 978 Words

Conflict Theory vs. Structural Functionalism, this is like a fight between conservative and liberal. Structural Functionalism is a sociological theory that focuses on the structures of society and their functional significance (positive and negative consequences) for other structures (Ritzer, 2013). In another word, Structural Functionalism focuses on hierarchy, high position in the society. The theory is based on the belief that a person who held a high position like doctor or lawyer should get pay more because they make a lot of contribution to society. While on the other side, Conflict Theory â€Å"explains social structure and changes in it by arguing that actors pursue their interests in conflict with others and according to their resources for social organization† (COLLINS 414) it goes against with pretty much what Structural Functionalism stand for. With Conflict Theory, people in the society should be paid for how much they contributed, it stands for fairness. Conflict theory examines how society is stratified along class, race and ethnicity, gender, and age categories, and how these categories are linked to the unequal distribution of resources. Patterns of social interaction are inherent with benefits for some and deprivations for others. The goal for conflict theory is to understand the conflict between the advantaged and the disadvantaged while also taking action to reduce inequality (Sociology 662). One of the example the shows the conflict between Conflict TheoryShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism Vs. Conflict Theory1349 Words   |  6 PagesFunctionalism vs. Conflict Theory There are four known sociological theories and or theoretical perspective, and they are structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and feminism. These theories explain various aspects of social life through different perspective (OpenStax College 17). Some of the theories might view social life in a micro perspective, macro perspective or even both and each view might be completely opposing to each other, but it also has its pros and consRead MoreTheoretical Frameworks Of Sociology And Sociological Perspective Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant because common sense assumptions are usually based on limited observation. Common sense assumptions won’t help one understand how it affect us. Sociological perspective gives us a detailed insight about the individual and understanding how structural forces shape the individual and their action. Secondly, how does sociology differ from other disciplines such as history, anthropology or psychology? Sociology is the study of human society and social interaction, helping us understand the differentRead MoreCompare the Functionalist and Marxist Perspective on Society1104 Words   |  5 Pagesnearly impossible. There are many different sociological theories that attempt to explain how society or aspects of society work together. Different theories try to understand social behaviour at different levels of investigation. There are several perspectives on the sociology of education that are important. The two perspectives which are going to be looked at in this essay are Functionalism and Marxism. Although quite different, both Functionalism and Marxism have their similarities. They also haveRead MoreBenefits of American Education2214 Words   |  9 Pagesthat said, this essay will examine the impact the Sociological theories, Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism regard ing their impact on education. In sociology, a few theories provide broad perspectives that help to explain many different aspects of social life. These theories are so prominent that many consider them paradigms. Paradigms are philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support ofRead MoreGun Violence1387 Words   |  6 Pages One theory in sociology that deals with this problem is structural functionalism theory.structural functionalism is a theory that is believed that society is like parts in a machine that work together to maintain progress and stability. This being said the society is becoming more and more unstable by new threaths and constant forms of panic. People in society believe that the government system is corrupt and we are slowly being brought down lower and lower each day in society. Structural functionalismRead More Girls Like Us Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesCaucasion Catholic, DeYonna Moore is Afr ican-American with strong goals who lives with her Grandma and Raelene Cox is a young white girl who comes from a broken home with little parental guidence. Girls Like Us shows examples of structural functionism, and conflict theory, as well as symbolic interactionalism. This movie really intersted me because I actually got to see each of these girls grow up. This film also contained implications for the science of sociology. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;IRead MoreConflict Theory1217 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Conflict Theory, society is: †¢ A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc.). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. In the conflict view, the most powerful members of dominant groups create the rules for success and opportunity in society, often denying subordinate groups such success and opportunities; thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Walking Dead 1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthe series is mainly about fighting walkers. But as the seasons progress, the series focuses more on humans vs humans instead of humans vs zombies. Instead of joining hands to fend off the walkers, humans are still blood thirty and selfish. The point that a realist would make is that the human nature is fundamentally bad. People are driven by a desire to dominate others, form into conflict groups and perpetually compete for power. To confirm this notion, in Season 3 of the show, the Governor of WoodburyRead MoreConflict: Sociology and Ever-changing Nature2792 Words   |  12 PagesStrucutral functionalism is a form of  functional analysis. Functional analysis (or functionalism) is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. In fact, many of the early giants of sociology, such as Spencer, Comte, and Durkheim were functionalists. Essentially, this perspective sees society as comprised of many parts that contribute in unique ways to the operation of the whole society.   The way I explain this to my class is to think of a clock. What makes a clock a clock? First,Read MoreUnderstanding Conflict Through Sociological Perspective Essay5342 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Understanding Conflict Through Sociological Perspective Table of Contents 1. Acknowledgements 2 2. Table of contents 3 3. Introduction 4 4. Objectives 5 5. Research Methodology 5 6. What is Conflict? 6 7. Works of Karl Marx 9 8. Conflict of interest 12 9. Conflict perspective in sociology 13 10. In classical sociology 14 11. Modern approaches 17 12

Behavior Bank Industry Services Marketing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Is The Particular Relationship That Exists Between The Employee Turnover And Profitability Of The Firm? How Can The Factors That Affect Australia And New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) And Macquarie Banks? What Is The Particular Relationship Between The Satisfaction Of The Employees And The Organizational Performance In Respect To Profitability? Answers: Introduction In the current business environment, financial institutions like banks are the pivot points in the economy. The major factor that controls the success of a particular organization is the performance of the employees and is regarded as a valuable asset in the hands of the management. Therefore, it can be deduced from the discussed literature that the success of the economy is based upon the success of the vastly growing financial sector and the success of the banks in turn depend on the success of the performance of the employees. This particular study aims to find out the relationship between the employee performance and organizational performance in the banking industry. To understand the relationship between the employee and customer satisfaction and organizational performance in the banking industry, three banks have been selected which are of the names Commonwealth Bank, Macquarie Bank and ANZ bank. The four significant ratios that have been calculated are return on assets, return on equity, employee turnover ratio and profitability margin. These ratios will help in finding out the relationship between the different components of the research, effectively (Montague, Larkin, Burgess, 2016). Problem Statement The problem statement that has been developed in the particular study is that the ascertainment of the relationship between the customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and organizational performance helps the management of a particular organization to reliably assess and improve the performance of the organization like the banks. This requires the clear understanding of the factors that affect the employee and the customer satisfaction that is essentially linked with the performance of the organization. Therefore, the problem statement that can be developed in regards to this particular study is that ascertainment of the particular components of employee and customer satisfaction affects the organizational performance of the banks (Boersma, 2015). Research aim and research questions The aim of the research that has been tried to achieve in this particular project is as follows: The scrutiny of the relationship between the satisfaction of the employees and the customer satisfaction and the performance of the banking sector in Australia The careful consideration and the evaluation of the major factors that affect satisfaction of the customers and employees The measurement of the performance of the organization on the basis of the ratios like the return on equity, return on assets and the net profit margin and employee turnover ratio Literature Review The literature that has been discussed constitutes of the suggestions and predictions in regards to the researches that have been conducted by the different researchers. The experts state that the elements of job satisfaction and client loyalty do play a major role in the establishment of the operational activities of the banks. It has been evidently found out that, organizations facilitating better working conditions by the employees have essentially resulted in the improvement of the organizational performance. Precisely, happy and satisfied employees deliver work that consists of an optimum degree of quality (Boedker, 2017). The employee turnover indicates the rate at which the employees leave the organizations in comparison with the hiring of the new employees. This leads to the incurrence of higher costs in relation to the human resource departmental activities. Many researches that have been executed indicate that the reasons for employee turnover are emotional stress or work pressure (Gitman, Juchau Flanagan, 2015). The loyalty of the customers also depend on the availability of the customer facilities provided by the banks like the ATM machines, checking of the interest rates provided by the banks and other related services. Losing a particular customer may result in a huge loss by business. Thus, it is the primary duty of the management to retain the already existing base of employees and expanding the base by attracting new customers (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The banking organizations put a constant effort to increase the value of the organization and reduce the risk levels by mitigating the undervaluation of the banks in the market. The profitability of an organization or a bank can be computed from the financial disclosures that have been provided in the annual report of the company (Liu, 2015). The success of the organization depends on the integration of a number of key conditions within the company. One of the major key factors have been the employees. The employees are one of the key stakeholders of the organization that retain the capacity to elevate the revenues incurred by the company and in case the conditions are not suitable for the employees may affect the revenues incurred by the organizations. Hence, the profit of the bank or the performance of the organization depends largely on the employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Thus, it is very important to analyze the customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction in order to properly ascertain the profitability of a firm (Liu, Cutcher Grant, 2017). The performance of the banks can be analyzed with the help of the significant ratios like the return on assets, return on equity, employee turnover ratio and profitability margin of the banks (Frijters, 2015). Methodology The methodology that has been undertaken in order to research and analyze the required relationship between the mentioned elements is secondary data. Secondary published data has been considered in order to reflect the correlation between the satisfaction of the employees and the financial performance of the organizations. The financial performance of the three selected banks namely, Commonwealth Bank, ANZ Bank and Macquarie Bank have been examined in regards to the five years from 2012 to 2016 (Static.macquarie.com., 2018). Data Collection The data has been collected from the annual reports of the banks from the year of 2012 to 2016. The financial accounting disclosures provided in the accounting statements have helped in arriving at the desired results. (Commbank.com.au., 2018) Data Analysis The analysis has been conducted with the particular approach that the results obtained from the computations deduce the particular condition of the relationship between the different elements of customer behavior and customer loyalty and organizational performance. The secondary data that has been collected, has been used for the purpose of arriving at the required conclusion. (Shareholder.anz.com., 2018) Findings and analysis Financial Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Commonwealth Bank of Australia Return on Assets 1.02 1.04 1.12 1.09 1.02 Return on Equity 18.68% 18.05% 18.41% 17.90% 16.38% Full time equivalent employee 44844 44969 44329 45948 45129 Change in Employee turnover -2.02% 0.28% -1.42% 3.65% -1.78% ANZ Return on Assets 0.91 0.93 0.99 0.9 0.63 Return on Equity 14.61 14.75 15.62 14.19 9.92 Full time equivalent employee 46554 50152 50328 49866 48239 Change in Employee turnover -7.44% 7.73% 0.35% -0.92% -3.26% Macquarie Bank Return on Assets 0.47 0.56 0.83 0.94 1.07 Return on Equity 6.46 7.53 11.09 12.67 14.22 Full time equivalent employee 12056 11678 12300 13897 13431 Change in Employee turnover 4.34% -3.14% 5.33% 12.98% -3.35% Commonwealth Bank of Australia Financial Year Employee turnover ratio(X) ROA(Y) ROE(Z) 2012 -2.02% 1.02 18.68% 2013 0.28% 1.04 18.05% 2014 -1.42% 1.12 18.41% 2015 3.65% 1.09 17.90% 2016 -1.78% 1.02 16.38% ANZ Financial Year Employee turnover ratio(X) ROA(Y) ROE(Z) 2012 -7.44% 0.91 14.61 2013 7.73% 0.93 14.75 2014 0.35% 0.99 15.62 2015 -0.92% 0.9 14.19 2016 -3.26% 0.63 9.92 Macquarie Bank Financial Year Employee turnover ratio(X) ROA(Y) ROE(Z) 2012 4.34% 0.47 6.46 2013 -3.14% 0.56 7.53 2014 5.33% 0.83 11.09 2015 12.98% 0.94 12.67 2016 -3.35% 1.07 14.22 Correlation = employee turn over and profitability (ROA) Correlation = employee turn over and profitability (ROE) Commonwealth Bank of Australia 0.395538013 0.050583577 ANZ 0.311716614 0.286727495 Macquarie Bank 0.118272642 0.137072014 r = 01 As it can be concluded from the above table the correlation between the employee turnover ratio and profitability for the three selected banks show that all the banks have a positive correlation. However, it should be noted here that the value for a particular correlation to be significant, the value must be greater than 0.5. In case of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, the correlation shows a significant value of 0.050583577. This means that the relation between the employee turnover and profitability in Commonwealth Bank of Australia is highly influential and the increase in the employee turnover will affect the profitability of the firm by a higher degree. Thus, the above obtained values reflect that the correlation between the employee turnover and profitability that depends on the ROA and ROE in all the banks, is positive. However, the impact is not significant enough in case of the ANZ bank and the Macquarie Bank. Mean, median and mode Employee Turnover ROA ROE Mean 35581.33333 0.901333 14.032 Standard Error 4359.547556 0.051213 0.994871229 Median 44969 0.94 14.61 Mode 63744.33333 1.02 15.766 Standard Deviation 16884.45508 0.198346 3.853119701 Sample Variance 285084823.4 0.039341 14.84653143 Kurtosis -1.601295797 0.407656 -0.38180704 Skewness -0.745164383 -1.17873 -0.694359159 Range 38650 0.65 12.22 Minimum 11678 0.47 6.46 Maximum 50328 1.12 18.68 Sum 533720 13.52 210.48 Count 15 15 15 From the above table, it is evident that the mean for the employee turnover is 35581.333333 whereas the mean for the ROA and ROE has been 0.90133 and 14.032 respectively. The median for the employee turnover has been a satisfactory vale of 44969 while that of the ROA and ROE has been 0.94 and 14.61 respectively. This indicates the fact that these are the values that appear at the trend centers and can be utilized to evaluate and measure the trend of the particular data set. Similarly, the mode of the employee turnover as well as the ROA and ROE signify that the obtained values appear with the highest frequency in the generated data set. Therefore, such a value can be reliably used for the further estimations. Discussion The particular hypothesis that can be developed from the above findings and conclusions is that the change in the employee turnover though has a positive correlation with the profitability of the bank there is no significant change in the variables except Commonwealth Bank of Australia. In case of Commonwealth Bank of Australia, the employee turnover has a high degree of influence over the profitability of the firm. H1: The employee turnover ratio and the profitability of the bank are positively correlated but such a change is not significant except in the case of CBA Conclusion The conclusion that has been obtained from the above conducted research is that the relationship between the employee turnover and performance of the operations though has a positive correlation does not imply a significant effect except in the case of CBA. Thus, the intended conclusions have not been arrived at. This may be due to a number of limitations that the research may be subjected to. The data that has been collected belongs to the five financial years from 2012 to 2016. A longer range of data collected and analyzed would have given more conclusive results. Moreover, the data results reflect the outcomes across the three selected banks. Therefore, in order to obtain a more reliable and effective results the elimination of the limitations of the research is necessary. 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Mri Tragic Accident free essay sample

Michael Colombini underwent a routine imaging procedure that was performed at Westchester Medical Center; where earlier in the week Michael underwent brain surgery to remove the benign tumor that was found in his brain. The scheduled MRI was considered a routine post-operative procedure to find out how Michael was recovering after surgery. While Michael was sedated on the MRI table the anesthesiologist assisting realized that Michael has low saturated levels of oxygen. The anesthesiologist then requested a new tank of oxygen to replace the malfunctioning one attached to Michael. A nurse then brought in the oxygen tank, handing it to the anesthesiologist who asked for it. While the oxygen tank exchanged hands; the strong magnetic force of the MRI machine forcefully pulled the heavy metal tank directly into the scanning machine striking him in the head and causing Michael’s death a couple of days later. It was stated that Michael Colombini was heavily sedated when this terrible accident occurred at Westchester Medical Center. We will write a custom essay sample on Mri Tragic Accident or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The area where Michael was being examined was not thoroughly analyzed to prevent such tragic accident from happening. After all this occurred the family of Michael Colombini held services for him at the Temple Israel of Northern Westchester. There were hundreds of mourners who attended and accompanied the family in their heartbreaking loss. After the initial service, the family held a private burial service for close friends and family, where they could mourn the loss of their precious loved one. Preventing Accidents Within any tragic situation that occurs in the medical field, there are repercussions that can affect anyone involved. With this being said, there are ways to prevent these tragic accidents from occurring time and time again. In the Colombini case study there are some things that could have been handled differently. First, the hospital should have made it a policy to have recurring safety meetings at least once a month in order to maintain basic knowledge of the hazards of the magnetic force of the MRI machines. It is important for medical staff to be aware of all their surroundings when conducting these delicate imaging exams. During these potential safety meetings there should be discussions of basic dangers that surround the imaging exam rooms and how they can be prevented. In this case, the nurse that brought in the metal oxygen tank into Michael’s exam room had never had any training on MRI safety. Another thing that could have been done differently is putting up signs that acknowledge the hazards of the physically powerful magnet within the MRI machine. These awareness signs should have been posted outside the exam rooms to help medical staff understand the dangers of bringing metal objects into the exam areas. Awareness and safety protocol are an important factor in saving patients lives and keeping them safe from any harm in the MRI exam rooms. Learning Experience After studying the case of patient Michael Colombini there is a lot of insight as far as MRI safety and understanding protocols within testing areas. One of the goals that the author of the paper is pursuing in to eventually become a certified MRI technologist and this article has brought awareness on how to deal with certain situations that arise with this line of work. Understanding the importance of safety protocol is a crucial component in being a successful MRI technologist in the near future. The author of this paper has gained knowledge of how strong the force and magnetic field of an MRI machine can be; also understanding that insufficient familiarity and improper use of these large imaging machines can easily take someone’s life with one simple mistake that is overlooked. In this specific case there were doctrines and ethics that were involved that caused issues both the hospital and the victims of this tragedy. There as obvious negligence on behalf of technicians, nurses and other hospital employees that were involved; therefore there was breach of care, cause of injury due to the technician’s negligence, and injury that occurred to the unconscious patient. A life was lost in this case therefore a malpractice lawsuit was made and Westchester Medical Center did take full responsibility for the incident. Doctrine of respondent s uperior was sent into motion in Colombini’s case since the facility was held responsible for the negligent acts by their own employees. Thoughts The author of this report feels that there are many situations that can impact an individual and offer insight as to what happened. In the case of patient Michael Colombini the author cannot directly relate to the situation since they were not technically involved; but there is some level of compassion considering they do have a young child at home. Losing a loved one, especially a child can impact someone forever. There is a lot of sadness and heartbreak with the Colombini family and although a settlement was made, it will never bring their precious loved one back. References Parelli, R. J. (2009). Medicolegal Issues for Diagnostic Imaging Professionals (4th ed. ). Boca Raton, FL: Taylor amp; Francis Group. Chen, D. W. (2001). Small Town Reels from Boys M. R. I. Death. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2001/08/01/nyregion/small-town-reels-from-boy-s-mri-death. html   Patient Safety amp; Quality Healthcare. (2011). MRI Safety 10 Years Later: What can we learn from the accident that killed Michael Colombini? Retrieved from http://www. psqh. com/component/content/article/137-november-december-2011/992-mri-safety-10-years-later. html