Life in the Tundra The Coldest Biome on Earth

The tundra biome is the coldest and one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. It covers about one-fifth of the land on the planet, primarily in the Arctic circle but also in Antarctica as well as a few mountainous regions. To apprehend the conditions of a tundra, you need only look at the origins of its name. The word tundra comes from the Finnish word  tunturia, which means treeless plain. The extremely cold temperatures of the tundra, combined with the lack of precipitation makes for a rather barren landscape. But there are a number of plants and animals that still call this unforgiving ecosystem their home. There are three types of tundra biomes: Arctic tundra, Antarctic tundra, and Alpine tundra. Heres a closer look at each of these ecosystems and the plants and animals that live there. Arctic Tundra The Arctic tundra is found in the far north of the Northern Hemisphere. It circles the North Pole and extends as far south as the northern taiga belt (the beginning of the coniferous forests.) This area is known for its cold and dry conditions.   The average winter  temperature in the Arctic is -34 ° C (-30 ° F), while the average summer temperature is 3-12 ° C (37-54 ° F.) During the summer, the temperatures get just high enough to sustain some plant growth. The growing season usually lasts around 50-60 days. But the annual precipitation of 6-10 inches limits that growth to only the hardiest of plants. The Arctic tundra is characterized by its layer of permafrost or permanently frozen subsoil that contains mostly gravel and nutrient-poor soil. This prevents plants with deep root systems from taking hold. But in the upper layers of soil, around 1,700 types of plants find a way to flourish. The Arctic tundra contains a number of low shrubs and sedges as well as reindeer mosses, liverworts, grasses, lichens, and around 400 types of flowers. There are also a number of animals that call the Arctic tundra home. These include arctic foxes,  lemmings, voles, wolves, caribou, arctic hares, polar bears, squirrels, loons, ravens, salmon, trout, and cod. These animals are adapted to live in the cold, harsh conditions of the tundra, but most hibernate or migrate to survive the brutal Arctic tundra winters. Few if any reptiles and amphibians live in the tundra due to the extremely cold conditions. Antarctic Tundra The Antarctic tundra is often lumped together with the Arctic tundra as conditions are similar. But, as its name suggests, the Antarctic tundra is located in the Southern Hemisphere around the South Pole  and on several Antarctic and subantarctic islands, including South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.   Like the Arctic tundra, the Antarctic tundra is home to a number of lichens, grasses, liverworts, and mosses. But unlike the Arctic tundra, the Antarctic tundra does not have a thriving population of animal species. This is mostly due to the physical isolation of the area. Animals that do make their home in the Antarctic tundra include seals, penguins, rabbits, and albatross.   Alpine Tundra The primary difference between Alpine tundra and the Arctic and Antarctic tundra biomes is its lack of permafrost. Alpine tundra is still a treeless plain, but without the permafrost, this biome has better draining soils that support a wider variety of plant life.   Alpine tundra ecosystems are located on various mountain regions throughout the world at elevations above the tree line. While still very cold, the growing season of the Alpine tundra is around 180 days. Plants that thrive in these conditions include dwarf shrubs, grasses, small-leafed shrubs, and heaths.   Animals that live in the Alpine tundra include  pikas, marmots, mountain goats, sheep, elk, and grouse.

Conflict Theory Vs. Structural Functionalism - 978 Words

Conflict Theory vs. Structural Functionalism, this is like a fight between conservative and liberal. Structural Functionalism is a sociological theory that focuses on the structures of society and their functional significance (positive and negative consequences) for other structures (Ritzer, 2013). In another word, Structural Functionalism focuses on hierarchy, high position in the society. The theory is based on the belief that a person who held a high position like doctor or lawyer should get pay more because they make a lot of contribution to society. While on the other side, Conflict Theory â€Å"explains social structure and changes in it by arguing that actors pursue their interests in conflict with others and according to their resources for social organization† (COLLINS 414) it goes against with pretty much what Structural Functionalism stand for. With Conflict Theory, people in the society should be paid for how much they contributed, it stands for fairness. Conflict theory examines how society is stratified along class, race and ethnicity, gender, and age categories, and how these categories are linked to the unequal distribution of resources. Patterns of social interaction are inherent with benefits for some and deprivations for others. The goal for conflict theory is to understand the conflict between the advantaged and the disadvantaged while also taking action to reduce inequality (Sociology 662). One of the example the shows the conflict between Conflict TheoryShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism Vs. Conflict Theory1349 Words   |  6 PagesFunctionalism vs. Conflict Theory There are four known sociological theories and or theoretical perspective, and they are structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and feminism. These theories explain various aspects of social life through different perspective (OpenStax College 17). 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Girls Like Us shows examples of structural functionism, and conflict theory, as well as symbolic interactionalism. This movie really intersted me because I actually got to see each of these girls grow up. This film also contained implications for the science of sociology. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;IRead MoreConflict Theory1217 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Conflict Theory, society is: †¢ A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc.). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. In the conflict view, the most powerful members of dominant groups create the rules for success and opportunity in society, often denying subordinate groups such success and opportunities; thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Walking Dead 1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthe series is mainly about fighting walkers. 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Essentially, this perspective sees society as comprised of many parts that contribute in unique ways to the operation of the whole society.   The way I explain this to my class is to think of a clock. What makes a clock a clock? First,Read MoreUnderstanding Conflict Through Sociological Perspective Essay5342 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Understanding Conflict Through Sociological Perspective Table of Contents 1. Acknowledgements 2 2. Table of contents 3 3. Introduction 4 4. Objectives 5 5. Research Methodology 5 6. What is Conflict? 6 7. Works of Karl Marx 9 8. Conflict of interest 12 9. Conflict perspective in sociology 13 10. In classical sociology 14 11. Modern approaches 17 12

Behavior Bank Industry Services Marketing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Is The Particular Relationship That Exists Between The Employee Turnover And Profitability Of The Firm? How Can The Factors That Affect Australia And New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) And Macquarie Banks? What Is The Particular Relationship Between The Satisfaction Of The Employees And The Organizational Performance In Respect To Profitability? Answers: Introduction In the current business environment, financial institutions like banks are the pivot points in the economy. The major factor that controls the success of a particular organization is the performance of the employees and is regarded as a valuable asset in the hands of the management. Therefore, it can be deduced from the discussed literature that the success of the economy is based upon the success of the vastly growing financial sector and the success of the banks in turn depend on the success of the performance of the employees. This particular study aims to find out the relationship between the employee performance and organizational performance in the banking industry. To understand the relationship between the employee and customer satisfaction and organizational performance in the banking industry, three banks have been selected which are of the names Commonwealth Bank, Macquarie Bank and ANZ bank. The four significant ratios that have been calculated are return on assets, return on equity, employee turnover ratio and profitability margin. These ratios will help in finding out the relationship between the different components of the research, effectively (Montague, Larkin, Burgess, 2016). Problem Statement The problem statement that has been developed in the particular study is that the ascertainment of the relationship between the customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and organizational performance helps the management of a particular organization to reliably assess and improve the performance of the organization like the banks. This requires the clear understanding of the factors that affect the employee and the customer satisfaction that is essentially linked with the performance of the organization. Therefore, the problem statement that can be developed in regards to this particular study is that ascertainment of the particular components of employee and customer satisfaction affects the organizational performance of the banks (Boersma, 2015). Research aim and research questions The aim of the research that has been tried to achieve in this particular project is as follows: The scrutiny of the relationship between the satisfaction of the employees and the customer satisfaction and the performance of the banking sector in Australia The careful consideration and the evaluation of the major factors that affect satisfaction of the customers and employees The measurement of the performance of the organization on the basis of the ratios like the return on equity, return on assets and the net profit margin and employee turnover ratio Literature Review The literature that has been discussed constitutes of the suggestions and predictions in regards to the researches that have been conducted by the different researchers. The experts state that the elements of job satisfaction and client loyalty do play a major role in the establishment of the operational activities of the banks. It has been evidently found out that, organizations facilitating better working conditions by the employees have essentially resulted in the improvement of the organizational performance. Precisely, happy and satisfied employees deliver work that consists of an optimum degree of quality (Boedker, 2017). The employee turnover indicates the rate at which the employees leave the organizations in comparison with the hiring of the new employees. This leads to the incurrence of higher costs in relation to the human resource departmental activities. Many researches that have been executed indicate that the reasons for employee turnover are emotional stress or work pressure (Gitman, Juchau Flanagan, 2015). The loyalty of the customers also depend on the availability of the customer facilities provided by the banks like the ATM machines, checking of the interest rates provided by the banks and other related services. Losing a particular customer may result in a huge loss by business. Thus, it is the primary duty of the management to retain the already existing base of employees and expanding the base by attracting new customers (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The banking organizations put a constant effort to increase the value of the organization and reduce the risk levels by mitigating the undervaluation of the banks in the market. The profitability of an organization or a bank can be computed from the financial disclosures that have been provided in the annual report of the company (Liu, 2015). The success of the organization depends on the integration of a number of key conditions within the company. One of the major key factors have been the employees. The employees are one of the key stakeholders of the organization that retain the capacity to elevate the revenues incurred by the company and in case the conditions are not suitable for the employees may affect the revenues incurred by the organizations. Hence, the profit of the bank or the performance of the organization depends largely on the employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Thus, it is very important to analyze the customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction in order to properly ascertain the profitability of a firm (Liu, Cutcher Grant, 2017). The performance of the banks can be analyzed with the help of the significant ratios like the return on assets, return on equity, employee turnover ratio and profitability margin of the banks (Frijters, 2015). Methodology The methodology that has been undertaken in order to research and analyze the required relationship between the mentioned elements is secondary data. Secondary published data has been considered in order to reflect the correlation between the satisfaction of the employees and the financial performance of the organizations. The financial performance of the three selected banks namely, Commonwealth Bank, ANZ Bank and Macquarie Bank have been examined in regards to the five years from 2012 to 2016 (Static.macquarie.com., 2018). Data Collection The data has been collected from the annual reports of the banks from the year of 2012 to 2016. The financial accounting disclosures provided in the accounting statements have helped in arriving at the desired results. (Commbank.com.au., 2018) Data Analysis The analysis has been conducted with the particular approach that the results obtained from the computations deduce the particular condition of the relationship between the different elements of customer behavior and customer loyalty and organizational performance. The secondary data that has been collected, has been used for the purpose of arriving at the required conclusion. (Shareholder.anz.com., 2018) Findings and analysis Financial Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Commonwealth Bank of Australia Return on Assets 1.02 1.04 1.12 1.09 1.02 Return on Equity 18.68% 18.05% 18.41% 17.90% 16.38% Full time equivalent employee 44844 44969 44329 45948 45129 Change in Employee turnover -2.02% 0.28% -1.42% 3.65% -1.78% ANZ Return on Assets 0.91 0.93 0.99 0.9 0.63 Return on Equity 14.61 14.75 15.62 14.19 9.92 Full time equivalent employee 46554 50152 50328 49866 48239 Change in Employee turnover -7.44% 7.73% 0.35% -0.92% -3.26% Macquarie Bank Return on Assets 0.47 0.56 0.83 0.94 1.07 Return on Equity 6.46 7.53 11.09 12.67 14.22 Full time equivalent employee 12056 11678 12300 13897 13431 Change in Employee turnover 4.34% -3.14% 5.33% 12.98% -3.35% Commonwealth Bank of Australia Financial Year Employee turnover ratio(X) ROA(Y) ROE(Z) 2012 -2.02% 1.02 18.68% 2013 0.28% 1.04 18.05% 2014 -1.42% 1.12 18.41% 2015 3.65% 1.09 17.90% 2016 -1.78% 1.02 16.38% ANZ Financial Year Employee turnover ratio(X) ROA(Y) ROE(Z) 2012 -7.44% 0.91 14.61 2013 7.73% 0.93 14.75 2014 0.35% 0.99 15.62 2015 -0.92% 0.9 14.19 2016 -3.26% 0.63 9.92 Macquarie Bank Financial Year Employee turnover ratio(X) ROA(Y) ROE(Z) 2012 4.34% 0.47 6.46 2013 -3.14% 0.56 7.53 2014 5.33% 0.83 11.09 2015 12.98% 0.94 12.67 2016 -3.35% 1.07 14.22 Correlation = employee turn over and profitability (ROA) Correlation = employee turn over and profitability (ROE) Commonwealth Bank of Australia 0.395538013 0.050583577 ANZ 0.311716614 0.286727495 Macquarie Bank 0.118272642 0.137072014 r = 01 As it can be concluded from the above table the correlation between the employee turnover ratio and profitability for the three selected banks show that all the banks have a positive correlation. However, it should be noted here that the value for a particular correlation to be significant, the value must be greater than 0.5. In case of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, the correlation shows a significant value of 0.050583577. This means that the relation between the employee turnover and profitability in Commonwealth Bank of Australia is highly influential and the increase in the employee turnover will affect the profitability of the firm by a higher degree. Thus, the above obtained values reflect that the correlation between the employee turnover and profitability that depends on the ROA and ROE in all the banks, is positive. However, the impact is not significant enough in case of the ANZ bank and the Macquarie Bank. Mean, median and mode Employee Turnover ROA ROE Mean 35581.33333 0.901333 14.032 Standard Error 4359.547556 0.051213 0.994871229 Median 44969 0.94 14.61 Mode 63744.33333 1.02 15.766 Standard Deviation 16884.45508 0.198346 3.853119701 Sample Variance 285084823.4 0.039341 14.84653143 Kurtosis -1.601295797 0.407656 -0.38180704 Skewness -0.745164383 -1.17873 -0.694359159 Range 38650 0.65 12.22 Minimum 11678 0.47 6.46 Maximum 50328 1.12 18.68 Sum 533720 13.52 210.48 Count 15 15 15 From the above table, it is evident that the mean for the employee turnover is 35581.333333 whereas the mean for the ROA and ROE has been 0.90133 and 14.032 respectively. The median for the employee turnover has been a satisfactory vale of 44969 while that of the ROA and ROE has been 0.94 and 14.61 respectively. This indicates the fact that these are the values that appear at the trend centers and can be utilized to evaluate and measure the trend of the particular data set. Similarly, the mode of the employee turnover as well as the ROA and ROE signify that the obtained values appear with the highest frequency in the generated data set. Therefore, such a value can be reliably used for the further estimations. Discussion The particular hypothesis that can be developed from the above findings and conclusions is that the change in the employee turnover though has a positive correlation with the profitability of the bank there is no significant change in the variables except Commonwealth Bank of Australia. In case of Commonwealth Bank of Australia, the employee turnover has a high degree of influence over the profitability of the firm. H1: The employee turnover ratio and the profitability of the bank are positively correlated but such a change is not significant except in the case of CBA Conclusion The conclusion that has been obtained from the above conducted research is that the relationship between the employee turnover and performance of the operations though has a positive correlation does not imply a significant effect except in the case of CBA. Thus, the intended conclusions have not been arrived at. This may be due to a number of limitations that the research may be subjected to. The data that has been collected belongs to the five financial years from 2012 to 2016. A longer range of data collected and analyzed would have given more conclusive results. Moreover, the data results reflect the outcomes across the three selected banks. Therefore, in order to obtain a more reliable and effective results the elimination of the limitations of the research is necessary. References Boedker, C., Meagher, K., Vidgen, R., Cogin, J., Mouritsen, J. (2017). Doing more with less: productivity or starvation? The Intellectual Asset Health Check. Public Money Management, 37(1), 31-38. Boersma, M. (2015). How Does Sustainable Banking Add Up?. Commbank.com.au. (2018) https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us/shareholders/pdfs/annual-reports/2012_Commonwealth_Bank_Annual_Report.pdf Commbank.com.au. (2018) https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/aboutus/shareholders/pdfs/annual-reports/2014-annual-report-website.pdf Commbank.com.au.https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/aboutus/shareholders/pdfs/2016asx/2016_Annual_Report_to_Shareholders_15_August_2016.pdf Daly, A., Gebremedhin, T. A. (2015). Can An Indigenous Employment Program Work? A Case Study of National Australia Bank. Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, 34(3), 128-138. Docherty, P., Bird, R., Henckel, T., Menzies, G. D. (2016). Australian prudential regulation before and after the global financial crisis. Frijters, P., Johnston, D. W., Shields, M. A., Sinha, K. (2015). A lifecycle perspective of stock market performance and wellbeing. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 112, 237-250. Gitman, L. J., Juchau, R., Flanagan, J. (2015). Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 145-165. Liu, H. (2015). Constructing the GFC: Australian banking leaders during the financial crisis. Leadership, 11(4), 424-450. Liu, H., Cutcher, L., Grant, D. (2017). Authentic leadership in context: An analysis of banking CEO narratives during the global financial crisis. human relations, 70(6), 694-724. Montague, A., Larkin, R., Burgess, J. (2016). Where was HRM? The crisis of public confidence in Australia's banks. Asia Pacific Human Resource Management and Organisational Effectiveness: Impacts on Practice, 67. Pagan, A., Wilcox, D. (2015). External ReviewReserve Bank of Australia Economic Group Forecasts and Analysis. report to the Reserve Bank of Australia. Shareholder.anz.com. (2018) from https://shareholder.anz.com/sites/default/files/anz_-_annual_report_2016.pdf Shareholder.anz.com. (2018), from https://shareholder.anz.com/sites/default/files/2012AnnualReport.pdf Shareholder.anz.com., (2018). from https://shareholder.anz.com/sites/default/files/2014-ANZ-Annual-Report.pdf Static.macquarie.com. (2018), from https://static.macquarie.com/dafiles/Internet/mgl/global/shared/about/investors/results/2016/Macquarie_Bank_FY16_Annual_Report.pdf?v=3 Static.macquarie.com. (2018), from https://static.macquarie.com/dafiles/Internet/mgl/global/shared/about/investors/reports/fy12-mbl-annual-report.pdf?v=4 Static.macquarie.com. (2018), from https://static.macquarie.com/dafiles/Internet/mgl/global/shared/about/investors/reports/fy14-mgl-annual-financial-report.pdf?v=6 Thaichon, P., Quach, S., Bavalur, A. S., Nair, M. (2017). Managing Customer Switching Behavior in the Banking Industry. Services Marketing Quarterly, 38(3), 142-154. Tucker, M. (2017). Student Banking Behaviour in Australia: A Mixed Methods Study of Muslims and Non-Muslims (Doctoral dissertation, Swinburne University Australia 2017). Tucker, M., Jubb, C. (2017). Bank and product selection-an Australian student perspective. International Journal of Bank Marketing, (just-accepted), 00-00. Yu, P., Van Luu, B. (2016). Bank performance and executive pay: tournament or teamwork. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 47(3), 607

Mri Tragic Accident free essay sample

Michael Colombini underwent a routine imaging procedure that was performed at Westchester Medical Center; where earlier in the week Michael underwent brain surgery to remove the benign tumor that was found in his brain. The scheduled MRI was considered a routine post-operative procedure to find out how Michael was recovering after surgery. While Michael was sedated on the MRI table the anesthesiologist assisting realized that Michael has low saturated levels of oxygen. The anesthesiologist then requested a new tank of oxygen to replace the malfunctioning one attached to Michael. A nurse then brought in the oxygen tank, handing it to the anesthesiologist who asked for it. While the oxygen tank exchanged hands; the strong magnetic force of the MRI machine forcefully pulled the heavy metal tank directly into the scanning machine striking him in the head and causing Michael’s death a couple of days later. It was stated that Michael Colombini was heavily sedated when this terrible accident occurred at Westchester Medical Center. We will write a custom essay sample on Mri Tragic Accident or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The area where Michael was being examined was not thoroughly analyzed to prevent such tragic accident from happening. After all this occurred the family of Michael Colombini held services for him at the Temple Israel of Northern Westchester. There were hundreds of mourners who attended and accompanied the family in their heartbreaking loss. After the initial service, the family held a private burial service for close friends and family, where they could mourn the loss of their precious loved one. Preventing Accidents Within any tragic situation that occurs in the medical field, there are repercussions that can affect anyone involved. With this being said, there are ways to prevent these tragic accidents from occurring time and time again. In the Colombini case study there are some things that could have been handled differently. First, the hospital should have made it a policy to have recurring safety meetings at least once a month in order to maintain basic knowledge of the hazards of the magnetic force of the MRI machines. It is important for medical staff to be aware of all their surroundings when conducting these delicate imaging exams. During these potential safety meetings there should be discussions of basic dangers that surround the imaging exam rooms and how they can be prevented. In this case, the nurse that brought in the metal oxygen tank into Michael’s exam room had never had any training on MRI safety. Another thing that could have been done differently is putting up signs that acknowledge the hazards of the physically powerful magnet within the MRI machine. These awareness signs should have been posted outside the exam rooms to help medical staff understand the dangers of bringing metal objects into the exam areas. Awareness and safety protocol are an important factor in saving patients lives and keeping them safe from any harm in the MRI exam rooms. Learning Experience After studying the case of patient Michael Colombini there is a lot of insight as far as MRI safety and understanding protocols within testing areas. One of the goals that the author of the paper is pursuing in to eventually become a certified MRI technologist and this article has brought awareness on how to deal with certain situations that arise with this line of work. Understanding the importance of safety protocol is a crucial component in being a successful MRI technologist in the near future. The author of this paper has gained knowledge of how strong the force and magnetic field of an MRI machine can be; also understanding that insufficient familiarity and improper use of these large imaging machines can easily take someone’s life with one simple mistake that is overlooked. In this specific case there were doctrines and ethics that were involved that caused issues both the hospital and the victims of this tragedy. There as obvious negligence on behalf of technicians, nurses and other hospital employees that were involved; therefore there was breach of care, cause of injury due to the technician’s negligence, and injury that occurred to the unconscious patient. A life was lost in this case therefore a malpractice lawsuit was made and Westchester Medical Center did take full responsibility for the incident. Doctrine of respondent s uperior was sent into motion in Colombini’s case since the facility was held responsible for the negligent acts by their own employees. Thoughts The author of this report feels that there are many situations that can impact an individual and offer insight as to what happened. In the case of patient Michael Colombini the author cannot directly relate to the situation since they were not technically involved; but there is some level of compassion considering they do have a young child at home. Losing a loved one, especially a child can impact someone forever. There is a lot of sadness and heartbreak with the Colombini family and although a settlement was made, it will never bring their precious loved one back. References Parelli, R. J. (2009). Medicolegal Issues for Diagnostic Imaging Professionals (4th ed. ). Boca Raton, FL: Taylor amp; Francis Group. Chen, D. W. (2001). Small Town Reels from Boys M. R. I. Death. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2001/08/01/nyregion/small-town-reels-from-boy-s-mri-death. html   Patient Safety amp; Quality Healthcare. (2011). MRI Safety 10 Years Later: What can we learn from the accident that killed Michael Colombini? Retrieved from http://www. psqh. com/component/content/article/137-november-december-2011/992-mri-safety-10-years-later. html