Compare and contrast a well lighted room and A & P Essay

Thoroughly analyze a well lit room and An and P - Essay Example At the point when his supervisor humiliates the young ladies by disclosing to them they can’t come in to the store dressed that way, the storyteller leaves his place of employment in fight, despite the fact that the young ladies don’t see or hear what he has done. In â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† two servers are shutting everything down eatery and discussing the elderly person who is their last client. The youthful server is cruel to the elderly person, however the more seasoned server thinks he sees how the elderly person feels. After the youthful server gets the elderly person to leave, the more established server considers a supplication where the entirety of the significant words are traded by â€Å"nada,† Spanish for â€Å"nothing,† then goes to a bar. The two stories have two altogether different portrayal styles. In â€Å"A and P,† the portrayal is first-individual, and is from the perspective of the nineteen-year-old agent. It i s in the language and tone that he thinks in, and it is clear and recounts to a particular story. The crowd sees his perspective on the clients, for instance when he commits an error at the register: â€Å"She's one of these sales register-watchers, a witch around fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, and I realize it filled her heart with joy to trip me up† (Updike). The story is as the storyteller envisions it, which the peruser can envision probably won't be the manner in which things truly occurred.

Controlling Function of Management (theory)

Questions: Pick a chief from any association, benefit or non-benefit. In the wake of completing optional research on the four administrative capacities, (arranging, driving, sorting out and controlling) direct a meeting with a director, inspecting these four regions and how the executives hypothesis looks at to the executives practice. A prologue to these regions ought to contain a review of the job of the director and their separate association/sector.1. PlanningWhat are the principle wellsprings of data that your supervisor utilizes in arranging, do they use models to structure this data? 2. OrganisationGiven todays dubious financial condition, how does your director manage auxiliary change and advancement. 3. LeadingExamine the authority style of your picked chief and how they propel their employees.4. ControllingMake suggestions with regards to how the control procedure can improve the general viability of the organisation.5. PresentationPrepare an introduction laying out the key discoverie s of your report. Introductions will be planned during class time in March/April Answers: Presentation: As expressed by, Moutinho and Huarng (2013) controlling capacity of the board can be talked about as a foundational procedure of checking the exhibition of the specific association. This procedure likewise assists with checking the presentation as per the plans or guidelines. Controlling capacity likewise assists with guaranteeing the ideal results. Consequently, Teece (2010) expressed that, controlling can guarantee the successful usage of different assets of association so as to realize that the accomplishment of the association can accomplish the best possible objective and target. Controlling capacity of the board has two primary purposes. Controlling assists with encouraging co-appointment inside the association. Procedure of controlling likewise assists with drawing plan for the association. 1. Qualities of controlling capacity: Certain qualities of controlling capacities have been expressed by, Jones (2013), those are as per the following: Controlling capacity consistently comes at the absolute last of the procedure after the exhibitions have been made by the association. Controlling capacity has consistently been finished by the directors of all degrees of work inside the association. Controlling capacity consistently looks to the future worries of the association. Controlling capacity can be treated as a unique procedure of the association. Controlling identifies with the activity of arranging. These two are significant and basic components of the executives. Arranging and controlling is identified with one another in the capacity of the board. Procedure of controlling assists with making fruitful arranging process inside the association. 2. Procedure of Controlling: Controlling capacity of the board in this way includes a few stages, those are as per the following: Initial step includes foundation of measures inside the association. Principles can be additionally called as focuses of a specific business association during the hour of business work. Measures or targets ought to be accomplished during the time just as course of the capacity of business (Daniel et al. 2013). Then again, Badenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Fuller andM.Morgan (2010) expressed that, gauges are two sorts, those are substantial or quantifiable norms and elusive or non-quantifiable guidelines. Controlling as an administration work hence assists with building up the gauges or focuses of the business work. By securing the principles or the objectives an association can accomplish the ideal objective of the specific association. By applying measures the capacity of controlling can be rehearsed easily. Then again, ebestov and Nowkov (2013) expressed about estimation of execution as a significant advance of controlling capacity of the association. Procedure of controlling accordingly assists with discovering the downsides of the administration of the specific association. In this way, the estimation of execution can be a troublesome errand for the administration. Substantial norms can be simple for estimating as in light of the fact that unit cost terms of cash are the unmistakable assets. On the other part, estimating the presentation of chiefs has frequently become troublesome undertaking. Execution of supervisors accordingly ought to be estimated by the subjective investigation. Execution of chiefs hence ought to be broke down by the disposition of laborers, resolve and estimation of work, correspondence and the degree of communication with the bosses of the association. Along these lines, Zhou et al. (2012) expressed that, controlling capacity additionally does the correlation of standard and genuine execution of the whole association. Deviation must be recognized by the directors of the association. This is a fundamental assignment of controlling capacity of the association. Then again, Kinal (2013) expressed that, making numerous remedial move is likewise a significant errand of controlling procedure. Consequently, right just as precise measure ought to be taken for the correct deviation. In the wake of securing the remedial measure for the deviation the supervisor likewise should overhaul the objectives so as to guarantee the best possible arrangement for the association. This is the last advance of controlling capacity. Accordingly, remedial estimation assists with practicing the controlling capacity of the administration. 3. Powerful procedure of control inside the association: Daniel et al. (2013) characterized about the kinds of powerful control inside association. Best control ought to be result situated and vital. Compelling control of the board ought to be justifiable. This procedure ought to empower the procedure of control inside each person of the association. The idea of control inside the particular association ought to be done inside the specified time and positive in way. The procedure of control should be goal and positive just as clear and adaptable. 4. Class of control: There are a few sorts of control process, those are talked about as follows: Starter control: It can likewise be examined as feed forward control process. This kind of control process begins before the start of the movement of work. Starter control ensures that all assets are set the best possible way and the assets are likewise accessible for achieving the heading. Post activity control: It can be called as an input control. This kind of control process is done after the fulfillment of an activity. This procedure is engaged upon the outcomes before the finish of the activity. Simultaneous control: This kind of control centers upon the happenings during the procedure of work. It can likewise be called as guiding control. Inner control: Therefore, inside control of an association assists with permitting the procedure of self controlling so as to satisfy and upgrade the desires for the activity. Goals of execution and backing of assets upgrade the chance of discretion. Outer control: This control can be happened through self management. Outer control along these lines happens by utilizing the formal administrative frameworks. 5. Arrangement of hierarchical control: Destinations and methodology of an association control the association. A few approaches, guideline assists with controlling the arrangement of the executives. Then again, choice and preparing procedure of the association additionally looks to control the entire business capacity of the association. Then again, Moutinho and Huarng (2013) expressed that, giving advantages and pay is likewise extremely supportive so as to control the entire capacity of the board. Subsequently, Teece (2010) expressed that, understanding the suggestion of money related estimation of the exhibition of association can be significant control arrangement of an association. Movement based costing is additionally powerful arrangement of hierarchical control of an association. End: Along these lines, the board and control of activity inside a framework includes with buying, venture the executives and measurable quality control of the association. In any case, the procedure of control capacity ought to be done deliberately so as to get wanted outcome. Reference list Books Moutinho, L. what's more, Huarng, K. (2013). Quantitative demonstrating in advertising and the board. Singapore: World Scientific. Daniel, F., Wang, J. also, Weber, B. (2013). Business process the executives. Berlin: Springer. Diaries Badenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ FullerC.andM.Morgan.(2010),BusinessModelsasModels,LongRangePlanning,43(2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3):156à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 171 ebestov, J., and Nowkov, K. (2013). Dynamic technique for feasible business advancement: madness or risk? The Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 15(34), 442-454. Teece,D.(2010)BusinessModels,BusinessStrategyandInnovation,LongRangePlanning43:172à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 194 Zhou, KZ and CB Li (2012), How Knowledge Affects Radical Innovation: Knowledge Base, Market Knowledge Acquisition, and Internal Knowledge Sharing, Strategic Management Journal, 33(9): 1090-1102 Jones, A. (2013). Conceptualizing business mobilities: Towards a diagnostic system. Research in Transportation Business Management, 9, pp.58-66. Kinal, T. (2013). A Recipe For Change: Management Unleashed. Business Strategy Review, 24(4), pp.68-71.

The Link Between Religious Faith and Fear

The Link Between Religious Faith and Fear Phobias Print The Link Between Religious Faith and Fear By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on February 07, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 18, 2020 Digital Vision / Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types The link between religion and phobias is strong, but its not well understood. Although a strong religious faith can bring comfort to you if youre suffering, certain phobias appear to have a religious component. These phobias often appear or worsen during a crisis of faith, but they may occur at any time. And they may happen to anyone, regardless of their religious background. Types of Phobias With a Religious Component There are several types of phobias that appear to have a religious component. Some of the most common include: Doomsday Phobias Doomsday phobias can be loosely defined as those phobias that involve the end of the world. They tend to fall into two basic categories: technology phobias and fears of the End Times. Both types of doomsday phobias may be triggered or worsened by religious belief, particularly if you have begun to question your faith. Astrophobia, or fear of space, may be related to doomsday phobias. Death Phobias Death-related fears are extremely common among people of all cultures and religious backgrounds. No matter what your faith, contemplating your own death is generally not a pleasant experience. Thanatophobia, or fear of death, is the most common of these phobias, but many people also fear the symbols of death such as tombstones and ghosts. Mythophobia, or fear of legends, may also be related to the fear of death. Numerical Phobias Different religions assign importance or power to different numbers. Although these beliefs are sometimes dismissed as superstition by modern science, belief in the power of numbers can be extremely strong. Two of the most commonly feared numbers are 13 and 666. Exploring the Connection Between Religion and Phobias Religion does not cause phobias.  Many people draw comfort from rather than fear their religious faith. Additionally, the phobias listed above often occur in those who do not identify themselves as religious.  Instead, it seems that personal religious beliefs may be a small component of a larger picture. As science has not yet conclusively proven what happens after death, fear of the unknown may be the ultimate driver behind the religious component of certain phobias. Treating the Religious Component of Phobias If you feel that religion may play a role in your phobias, a two-pronged approach often works best. It is important to consult with a trained mental health professional, who will treat your phobia from a scientific perspective. Common treatments include talk therapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medications. Its also recommended that you seek counseling with your religious leader, particularly if you are undergoing a crisis of faith. He or she can help you explore your beliefs and examine your concerns within the context of your faith. While traditional therapy is action-oriented and focused on removing the fear, religious counseling can help you resolve the underlying conflict.

Essay on Where I Lived and What I Lived for - 608 Words

Henry David Thoreaus Where I lived, and What I Lived For I found Henry David Thoreau?s ?Where I Lived, and What I Lived For? made a very convincing argument. He has many examples to support his beliefs. Thoreau stresses the importance and value of living the simplest life nature affords, which I believe is as important now as it was in his day. ?Where I Lived, and What I Lived For? Opens with Thoreau describing how he came to live in a small, dilapidated cabin near Walden Pond. He speaks of the many farms he imagines owning, yet never does. Thoreau describes the landscape of the pond and the surrounding area. One of the highlights of Thoreau?s simple daily routine is to watch the sun rise and set on the pond. The mornings are†¦show more content†¦I also think, through a lot of the writing, that he makes us out to be robotic go about your day in a monotonous way. And hes pretty much correct in that sense. We all have our own routines that we follow throughout our week that we hate to change. The only thing I didnt understand completely was his talk of trains, sleepers, and people that line the track, or buried under the track. †¦if some have the pleasure of riding on a rail, others have the misfortune to be ridden upon. What I think he is trying to say, due to the time period when this was written (1854), was that there are those who are better off and wealthy enough to ride on the new trains and the new tracks that are traveling all over the country, and there are those who cant afford it, and have to walk or ride their horses to their destination with is more of a hardship in those times compared to a fast comfortable train ride, and those who cant venture into the expanding west and have to stay put in their lives. But I dont know the relationship between this and simplifying your life, so maybe I still do not understand what Thoreau was trying toShow MoreRelated Henry David Thoreaus Where I lived, and What I Lived For Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesHenry David Thoreaus Where I lived, and What I Lived For I found Henry David Thoreau?s ?Where I Lived, and What I Lived For? made a very convincing argument. He has many examples to support his beliefs. Thoreau stresses the importance and value of living the simplest life nature affords, which I believe is as important now as it was in his day. ?Where I Lived, and What I Lived For? opens with Thoreau describing how he came to live in a small, dilapidated cabin near Walden PondRead More Henry Thoreaus Where I Lived and What I Lived For and E.B. Whites Once More to the Lake991 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Thoreaus Where I Lived and What I Lived For and E.B. Whites Once More to the Lake At first glance, Henry Thoreau’s, Where I Lived and What I Lived For, and E.B. White’s, Once More to the Lake, have nothing in common. After several readings; however, one can interpret that both authors have the same message. Even though Thoreau and White use extremely different styles, they both portray nature as the simplest way of life. Thoreau writes an argumentative essay in the 1800’s trying to persuadeRead MoreAnalysis Of David Henry Thoreau s Poem, Where I Lived And What You Lived For955 Words   |  4 PagesTake a moment and think about what makes you happy on a typical day? More often than not, one would base their happiness on their ability to finish tasks and being able to check â€Å"things† off that have been accomplished. Infrequently, people rarely take the time to reflect on the simple pleasures in life. As expressed in David Henry Thoreau’s essay, â€Å"Where I lived and What I lived For†, humans need to simply their live s. 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In this literature Thoreau argues that people need to simplify their lives and enjoy it. Transcendentalism played a big role back then and is a big deal even today as is it still relevant in our time period. In the literature Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Thoreau argues that we need to simplify our lives and to experience it to the fullest. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front onlyRead MoreA Simple Life Is A Happy Life896 Words   |  4 PagesHenry David Thoreau’s â€Å"Where I Lived, and What I Lived For,† from Walden, the narrator writes about his journey to go live in the woods for two years to learn everything nature has to offer. He encourages readers to follow their own path and live a life of simplicity. Too often people believe that the more materialistic things they have, the better life they will live. 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A Table of Roman Battles - Winners Losers

The Role of Transnational Corporations and NGOs in International Relations Free Essays

The recent increase in the international activities of transnational corporations and nongovernmental organisations has challenged state-centric models of international relations to explain the apparent contribution that non-state actors make to the international political system. NGOs influence the international system by introducing principles into discussions on the legitimacy of states’ behaviour, while TNC capital movement affects states’ policy decisions more directly. Accordingly, one-dimensional state-centric theories are ill-equipped to account for our multi-dimensional world with its various actors and their interests. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Transnational Corporations and NGOs in International Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 50 largest transnational corporations (TNCs) have an annual sales revenue greater than the gross national product of 132 member countries of the United Nations, and many non-governmental human rights advocacy organisations (NGOs) now count their members in the millions while at least 40 UN countries have fewer than a million citizens (Willetts, 2001). The involvement of such large transnational corporations and NGOs in international politics suggests that state-centric models of international relations, which propose states as the primary international actors, are outdated. The aim of this paper is to describe the involvement of TNCs and NGOs in international relations and to show that state-centric models are unable to explain many of the changes in the international political system. The International Activities of NGOs Numerous recent changes in the international system can be traced directly back to NGO activities. In the 1970s Amnesty International led an extensive worldwide campaign against state torture, which culminated in the 1984 signing of the international convention against torture. A second example is a group of NGOs and governments that campaigned for the banning of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of landmines and cluster munitions. This process eventually resulted in theOttawamine ban treaty and the convention on cluster munitions that have now been signed by 160 and 108 countries respectively. A third example involves Child Soldiers International, a group of transnational NGOs that managed to bring about the 2000 UN â€Å"Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict†, currently signed by 129 countries. These three cases, among very many others, demonstrate that transnational NGOs contribute many changes to the international system and that they are, thus, important international actors. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye (1971), Richard Mansbach (1976, 1981) and James Rosenau (1990) reached a similar conclusion following extensive quantitative analyses of the amount of NGO involvement in international decisions. Kenneth Waltz, on the other hand, argues that NGOs sometimes do play a role, but that the capabilities and power of states render them so much more significant that the international system can be understood without reference to non-state actors (1979). The most powerful actors determine the structure of the international system and regulate the roles that others can play. States operate to ensure their survival in an insecure international environment, so when â€Å"the crunch comes, states re-make the rules by which other actors operate (Waltz, 1986). Accordingly, almost all countries use torture when they experience a substantial loss of security, employ landmines if no better weapons are available (Evans and Leigh, 2010) and utilise child soldiers if no other option presents itself (Human Rights Watch, 2011). This implies that NGOs can make contributions to international policies, but only to policies that governments are willing to change. Those policies that states are strongly attached to cannot be changed by non-state actors, and will be altered only when those states discover new methods to obtain the same benefits or avert the same threats. This state-centric view captures the foundational elements of the international inter-state security milieu, but cannot account for the international interactions that shape it. NGOs are gradually affecting a shift in the types of policies that states can legitimately and publically adopt without widespread mutiny. Between the 1950s and 1970s, theUnited Statescould persuade most of its citizens that the war inVietnam, with its tens of thousands of American and millions of Asian deaths, was crucial to American in terests. With much lower damage, the majority of Americans quickly opposed their wars inAfghanistanandIraq. Similarly, in 2006 and 2009,Israelreceived a more hostile civil society response to their killing of 1,100 Lebanese and 1,417 Palestinians than it received to the killing of 20,000 Lebanese in the 1980s. Even the Russian conduct inGeorgiain 2008 was more measured than its carpet-bombing of Afghan villages in the 1980s. Similarly, concerned reports of sanctions-related Iranian civilian suffering have already appeared in the European press. It is doubtful that civil society will tolerate thousands of deaths, let alone the hundreds of thousands of sanction-related deaths thatIraqsuffered during the 1990s. Over time, transnational NGOs have contributed to the debate on what can qualify as a security problem and what can pass as an acceptable response to it. By introducing information, norms and the language of rights into international policy debates, their contribution is tangibl e through their influence over those upon whom governments rely to carry out state policies. The International Activities of TNCs Transnational corporations exercise their influence in the international system through the movement of capital from states that curb their profits to states that do not. Accordingly, states tend to conceive of corporate interests as national interests and often implement business-friendly policies without being explicitly pressured (Korten, 1995, Ohmae, 1995, Willetts, 2001). The current reluctance of Europe and theUSto regulate the financial sector stems partly from the fear that large investors will transfer their investments from countries that do regulate to countries that do not. The same dilemma is noticeable in African debates about investors with poor human rights records. For example, while the trade unionists in the South African government opposed Walmart’s investment in the country, they were outvoted by ministers who argued that the country needed the investment. While Andrew Walter argues that academic literature often over-states the case for corporate influenc e, he cites only a few East Asian states as examples of states that manage to resist it successfully (Walter, 1999). A detailed investigation of the question is beyond the scope of this paper, but the prima facie case is certainly strong that corporate capital mobility has affected the contours of the international system. Conclusion While the state-centric model of international relations may have been appropriate to capture the post-world war II international system, it lacks the ability to account for a world where state security has to compete with human rights and financial profits for importance on the international stage. While it is true that states champion security issues, it is also true that NGOs promote human rights and that TNCs advance the goal of financial profit. A one-dimensional world fit for a one-actor theory has given way to a complex world of multiple issues and the multifarious actors that promote them. References Evans, R. Leigh, D. (2010) WikiLeaks Cables: Secret Deal Let Americans Sidestep Cluster Bomb Ban. The Guardian. London. Human Rights Watch (2011) U.S., Don’t Fund Child Soldiers. New York. Keohane, R. O. Nye, J. S. (1971) Transnational Relations and World Politics, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press. Korten, D. (1995) When Corporations Rule the World, San Francisco, Berrett-Koehler. Mansbach, R. W., Ferguson, W. Y. Lampert, D. (1976) The Web of World Politics: Non-State Actors in the Global System, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Mansbach, R. W. Vasquez, J. A. (1981) In Search of Theory: A New Paradigm for Global Politics, New York, Columbia University Press. Ohmae, K. (1995) The End of the Nation State, New York, Free Press. Rosenau, J. N. (1990) Turbulence in World Politics, New York, Harvester Wheatsheaf. Walter, A. (1999) Globalization and policy convergence: the case of direct investment rules. IN HIGGOTT, R. BEILER, A. (Eds.) Non-State Actors in the Global Economy. London, Routledge. Waltz, K. (1979) Theory in International Politics, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley. Waltz, K. (1986) Political Structures† and â€Å"Anarchic Orders and Balances of Power. IN KEOHANE, R. O. (Ed.) Neorealism and its Critics. New York, Columbia University Press. Willetts, P. (2001) Transnational Actors and International Organizations in Global Politics. IN BAYLIS, J. B. SMITH, S. (Eds.) The Globalisation of World Politics. New York, Oxford University Press. How to cite The Role of Transnational Corporations and NGOs in International Relations, Essay examples

Bridging Computer Ethics and Business Ethics MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Bridging Computer Ethics and Business Ethics. Answer: Introduction: Apple Inc. is a U.S. based organization that deals with computers and consumer electronics. The concerned organization have offer free product workshops for the public and programs like Apple Camps and field trips (Apple, 2017). On the other hand, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd is the world's second largest information technology company following Apple Inc (Samsung India, 2017). However, these two companies dealt with same business but the way of communication in the annual report is different from one another. Apple Inc. operates in 20 countries and has more than 500 retail stores; on the other hand, Samsung Electronics hasassembly plants in more than 80 countries (Apple, 2017 and Samsung India, 2017). The electronic device that this company makes is automated music players and offer propelled substances. Apple is liable for offering their premium products like iPhone, iPad, Macintosh, iPod, Apple watch, App store, iTunes, iCloud and customised operating system for their users (Apple, 2017). The major problem in recent times that is considered by Apple is Climate change, due to which they have initiated to use power sources like solar, hydro and wind power. On the other hand, Samsung is focusing more on the recycling of the products and in the year 2010, they are number one company, whose products meet Global Ecolabel standards (Samsung India, 2017). Samsung formulates LCD, PDP, CRT and LED televisions, mobile phones, smartphones, cameras, washing machines and application processors (Samsu ng India, 2017). Samsung have 12,000 engineers and 45,000 employees working for their organization and in India there are only two manufacturing units. The data that is presented in this report are only taken for the sustainable and social report published by Apple Australia and Samsung India. Thus, other details that are not published in the report that they have adopted erroneously or that results in poor business outcomes and thus these details are not included in the report. Moreover, deceiving hones are appeared that is suggested by commonwealth bank and only these points are included in the part of the report. The sustainability report, annual report and CSR report are taken into consideration for preparing this business report for both Apple Australia and Samsung India. The sales, profit earned, CSR activities, vison and mission are also compared to present difference between these two affiliations. Their eke information are uses to draft this report which provides an unlimited information as per as the requirement of this assessment report. Differences between two companies Issues Apple Australia Samsung India Depth Only description of the concept is given and exact initiative taken is absent They detailed about the climate change and carbon emission and footprint Overview of the sustainability management framework that represent their social and economic values along with the details of sustainability management approach and philosophy of the management ideology Apple have avoided over 1 million metric tons of carbon emissions in the past five years. It is also found that among 38,400,000 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, product usage causes 17% of the emission, 77% is occurred due to Manufacturing. The remaining 4%, 1% and 1%are due to transportation, facilities and recycling products. Samsung on the other hand, initiated Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and reduce the use of carbon monoxide that is used to formulate Galaxy J2, Galaxy Z3, Banyan (SM-B350E), and Galaxy O5. Past and current statistics is given but the approaches undertaken is not described Climate change is the major concern HR development for the betterment of the future is the major concern Apple is liable for releasing 38,400,000 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in which their manufacturing department emits the 60% of the total footprint. Thus they have taken initiatives for renewing their raw materials production and electricity used for reducing the amount of carbon emission (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). In context of Samsung India, they have published integrated management process of work environment, which includes Labor Human Rights systems, Health Safety programs for stakeholders and offer education programs for supplier responsibility in which total of 854 employees. Moreover, they also present a three layer preparing framework and job posting programs in order to cultivate centre ability (Samsung Sustainability Report, 2017). Absence of detailed past and present information Removing toxins from the products Following several legislation by Samsung Apple have initiated full material disclosure program in which they have disclosed the composition of every product. Some of the toxins that is used by Apple are Beryllium, Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) and PVC- and- Phthalates in connectors, glass, display glass, mercury-based fluorescent lamps in display, circuit boards and power-cords- and- headphone cables respectively (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Samsung have taken initiatives for implementing Labor Human Rights by Prohibition on Child Labor Preventive Measures and monitors the recruitment process of suppliers twice a year for detecting any breaches. Moreover, they also formulate guidelines for Indian NGO Partners in Change (PIC) and Apprenticeship Training in relationship with Business for Social Responsibility (BSR). These guidelines illustrate Working Hour Compliance, Wages and Benefits, Emergency preparedness program, Safety Control of Dangerous Equipment and others (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). The process for product packaging and protecting environment is absent Reduces use of paper consumption by recycling it Taking initiatives for protecting environment In 2015, all the product packaging are done by recycled paper. Apple also uses wood fiber to minimize the impact paper usage. In the year 2015, the organization was liable for 133,000 metric tons of fiber footprint, which is a reduced amount, compared to previous year. In recent times, their packages also reduced to 20% (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Samsung also recover and recycle electronic wastes through their "Samsung Recycling Direct" program. The risk of chemical leakage is also overcome by MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Past and present initiatives for conserving water and corporate citizen are not compared More concern on water conservation More concern on being corporate citizen Apple takes step for minimizing the water usage by monitoring cooling, landscaping and sanitation processes. This cooling system enables the data centers to reuse water up to 35 times. They have also initiated Supplier Clean Water Program and Supplier Clean Water Program (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Samsung establish global code of conduct that comprises of 17 standards, and 59 activity guides. They have also started offering educational support and training to reinforce the IT competencies, medical support through installing ultrasonic equipment along with initiative for local community development that is to fostering technical manpower and relieving unemployment (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Strengths and weaknesses of approaches to social reporting The strength of the Apples approach in formulating the social report is that they present all the statistical data for the given facts mentioned in the report. Samsungs report contains a detailed outline of the framework that they have developed to maintain their business ethics. The weakness that the Apples report is facing is the lack of presentation and details about their future initiatives. On the other hand, Samsungs report does not contain details of the unethical business practices that they are following. Apple only targets premium users, while, Samsung have their electronic products from low to high ranges so that a huge target market can be obtained. Apple focuses on the reducing their water conservation, carbon and fibre footprints, on the other hand, Samsung majorly focuses on the development of employees and community. The water consumption is lowered every year from 2012and it is reduces to 7161 gallon to 544 gallon. The water is also saved by converting 120,000 square feet of drought-tolerant landscape from grass lawns that leads to the saving of 6 million gallons per year (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Moreover, in global perspective, over 566 million gallons of water is saved due to using 93% renewable energy (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Samsung runs a hotline reporting system for identify the violations of work environment regulations and human rights abuses. Compared to 2014, in the year 2015, Samsung has followed 100% business ethics and take initiative regarding other important aspects like- Emergency preparedness, Occupational injury and illness, Working-hour management, Prohibition of child labor employment, Machine safeguarding, Hazardous substances management, Air emissions and Wastewater/Solid waste management (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Difference in technology The water is also saved by using nonwater-intensive cooling technology that also recycled water and is developed by Apple. This cooling system is liable for reuses water 35 times that further results in 20% water consumption for Australia (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Apart from social activities, Samsung in India have developed technology like ring radiator technology in TV for high-quality sound and wireless 360? audio system, IoT technology in Hub Refrigerator, image engines and low-dose radiation in HS70A Diagnostic Ultrasound System (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Recently they have initiated 4G LTE communications technology for mobile phones and this enables Indians to use jio sim in their mobile phones (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Difference in terms of CSR activity Apple also follows labour and human rights and investigates causes of foreign workers. Apple also took initiatives for employee health and safety and launched Apple Supplier EHS Academy for improving the health if Apples employees (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). They also created job for efficient candidates and created 75 jobs. Apple also improve their gender equality and minorities by employed 32% female, 9% black people and 12% Hispanic employees (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Samsungs education is also for providing technical and innovative study for efficient employees and community. They also build libraries in places like-India, Iraq, Uzbekistan, Bolivia (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). These places have neglected schools and community centers and Samsung has taken initiatives for transforming it to libraries that offer eco-generation program and environmental education for children. They also build technical schools for electronic training in science and donate books in school so that people of India can flourish in education (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Samsung also associated with Red Cross association for charity so that every member of community can lead better life. Samsung also sell up-cycling products, purchase products, participate through personal donation and donate products such as garments through Heartist House (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). ZADEC Principles Apple Australia Samsung India Suggestions Inclusivity Decentralized management system is followed and all stakeholders are valued equally (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Stakeholders, partners, customers and managing authorities are concerned with business related issues (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Exact details regarding stakeholder betterment initiatives can be presented in the report Comparability Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is followed for solving non-budgetary methods. Moreover, estimation of income and COGS on straight line remise is evaluated by FASB (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Compared to Apple, Samsung is using KPI indicators for considering different business issues (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Details of Samsungs KPI indicators and Apples regulations for GAAP can be illustrated more for better knowledge of people Completeness The reports are fulfilled with accurate details and statistical data (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). The social report is well presented with flow diagrams that make viewers to understand the details effectively (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Apart from achievement, business failures are the approaches for overcoming the adversity can also be detailed in these reports Evolution The evolution is witnessed through their products and technology like reduction fir fiber and carbon footprints in developing their products (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Evolution of Samsung is witnessed through their products technology and initiatives for betterment of the employees. The technology is developed by their two production units established in Noida and Gurgaon (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017) The concept and information regarding the upcoming products can also be given so that customers can get aware of their innovation and products Management policies and systems Environmental policies and GAAP policies are followed by Apple (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017) Ecological footprints policies are developed by Samsung in order to obtain control over the business (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Procedures adopted for maintaining Ecological footprints policies and environmental policies should be given by both affiliations Disclosure All the details and their initiatives are disclosed in their annual reports (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Relevant and accurate details of all the taken initiatives are illustrated in their social report (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Details are disclosed. No suggestion in this context. External verification Details in the annual report are audited by Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017) The annual and sustainability report of the Samsung is audited by auditors for checking the relevance of the details (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017) Detailed regarding Australian National Audit Office and audit report should also be present in reports Continuous Improvement Apple is making continuous development in formulating new products and these products line are free from toxins and also follow all other environment regulations (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Unethical practices like copying mobile home arts from other companys details regarding the total amount of carbon footprints and carbon emission are not resent in the social reports (Samsung Sustainability Report., 2017). Past and present strategies should be compared in details so that their progress and improvement can be witnessed Thus, it is found that all the eight factors that is inclusivity, comparability, completeness, evolution, management policies and systems, disclosure, external verification and continuous improvement is followed by Apple but the last principle is not followed by Samsung as they do not present any details regarding their business activities regarding employees and community. Eextents to which the social reports reflect the values of the companies The analysis of the social report for both the organization reveals the fact that all the mire concerned towards their brand recognition and hence they follow all the environmental and governing regulations so that their products will be preferred by communal. It is also found that Apple has initiated the concept of new Apple campus that is the most energy-efficient building and is used by recycling the products of the most energy-efficient building (Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016, 2017). Water conservation is another major initiatives highlighted in their social report. On the other hand, Samsung only highlights the regulation they have developed and the technology they are considering for creating innovation in the future. However, the details regarding their actions regarding the betterment of the employee is not highlighted in the report. Samsung is accused by Apple for copying their 7 patent. Moreover, they also have pay lesser wage to their employees compared to other Smartphone companies, which is not highlighted in the social report (Peng, 2016). Reflection on the groups discussions of these companies I have analyzed both the reports and found that the presentation of Samsungs social report is more informative than Apple. However, more relevant details are present in Apples social report. I also believe that both the company suffers from some business ethics but Apple took necessary steps to overcome their adversity. Taken for instance, employee complained that labor has slept only two or three hours a night during a three month before the release of Samsung Galaxy tablet. On the other hand, controversy regarding Apple is that the working condition of the factor is not god and use of toxins for rearing the mobile hones reaults in severs heath issue in the employees. However, relevant steps for overcoming these issues are taken by both of the companies. Finally, I want to say that since Apple is more concerned about their brand image I believe that they follow all the environmental legislations for developing their products lines. Conclusion Thus, it can be said that Apple Australia is more favourable by customers compared to Samsung India. Apple provides a straightforward perception and information on their ethical business actions while Samsung does not reveal their unethical practices and the damage their unethical proceeding caused in their social report. However, in both the cases, stakeholders and suppliers are valued most while the employees have many objections regarding the business activity. Reference List Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2016. (2017).apple.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://images.apple.com/environment/pdf/Apple_Environmental_Responsibility_Report_2016. Apple, Samsung and Sony face child labour claims - BBC News. (2017).BBC News. 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